A type of shot that involves the changing of the focus during shooting.  The shot is completed in order to transition from one object of interest to another (rather than a follow focus shot that is done to keep something in focus). 

Ragged right alignment is a type set that involves the additional white space in a line set to the right – allowing the text to have a ragged margin.  Often it is set with flush left. 

Ragged Text is a column or page of writing that contains lines of various lengths.  It is aligned to only one side of the paper or on the central axis of the paper. 

a truss that at the structure's edge is raised to allow for ceiling insulation

A term describing a type of bone convex form, a ramus is a extension of bone that is flat in shape.

Random rhythm is one of the five types of visual rhythm.  It occurs when positive and negative shapes are repeated in a manner without order or any planned arrangement.  The random rhythm involves design that cannot be predicted.  An example of the use of random rhythm can be seen in paintings created with a splattering of paint. 

The difference between the largest and least value in a data set. 

A brand of Telecine machines; in general it is well-known and well-liked.  Sometimes the term telecine is used instead of rank. 

a concrete layer spread over the ground surface in a crawl space

Film that is unexposed.

The term refers to a shot of an actor looking off screen.   A reaction shoot may be used to show a reaction immediately after a P.O.V. shot, or to lead into a P.O.V. shot.  The term may also refer to a shot of an actor that is paying attention and reacting to what another actor is saying.

(1830-1870) An art movement also referred to as the Realist school.  In the movement artists removed themselves from the dramatic Romanticism going on at the time, as well as the Neoclassicism that was full of formulas to follow.  Instead, the artists decided to make their paintings be full of common everyday scenes in the way they looked like in real life.  Often times the paintings included some type of message, whether it be a moral message of a social or political message.  The artists often used even ugly objects to get their points across.  Key artists of the movement include Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, J A MacNeil Whistler, John Singer Sargeant, Jean-Francois Millet, and Honore Daumier.

   
 

Film that was opened but never used.  Recans are loaded into a magazine and never shot; they are so termed because they are loaded back in the film can and thus called “re-cans.” 

Receding parallel lines are lines parallel to each other that gradually move away from the viewer.  There are a number of rules that receding parallel lines follow in nature.  First, all lines in nature that are parallel to each other appear to converge at the same point as they recede from the viewer.  Second, all level lines that recede in nature appear to converge on the horizon.  Thirdly, inclining parallel lines in nature that recede appear to converge at a point immediately over the point they would have converged IF they had been level lines.  Fourthly, parallel lines in nature that recede when inclined downward appear to meet at a point immediately beneath the point they would have converged had they been level lines. 

For any non-zero number x, the reciprocal is 1/x.  This reciprocal 1/x is also called the multiplicative inverse of that number - but calling it the reciprocal is easier & more common.

Wood boards that have been salvaged in order to create something new. 

A page displayed on a spread’s right side.  A recto is a page that is even-numbered.

Rectus Abdominis    Part of the torso, the rectus absominis is located at the inferior end of the sternum and cartilage of the ribcage.  It originates at the pubic arch of the pelvis.  It is responsible for allowing the body to tilt the ribcage forwards and backwards.  

Part of the hip and thigh section of the body, the rectus femoris  includes the anterior inferior iliac spine of the pelvis.  It is located at the patellar tendon.  Its function is to straighten the leg at the knee, and bend it at the hip.

A film’s optical reduction that goes from a one particular gauge to another.  Going from 35mm to 16mm is an example of a reduction print. 

A spool made out of plastic or metal designed to hold film for editing or projection.  The term may also relate to a reel of one thousand feet of film in 35mm.  A reel is also called a single reel.

Reflective light is the light that reflects from surfaces of forms onto other surfaces surrounding the form.  Reflective light is always located on a form’s shadow side. 

A measure of the amount of light that bounces of a subject; it is taken with a light meter that contains a honey-comb grid.  One directs the meter at a subject in order to read the light bouncing from the subject matter and nothing else.  Another kind of reading that is possible is called an incident light reading.

A card, either silver or white, that is used to create soft indirect lighting on a subject matter.  The card allows light to bounce of itself and onto the subject matter, creating a delicate atmosphere.  Sometimes they are used to create soft shadow areas or a soft brightening on an area.  Frequently the cards are used outside because they do not need any electrical power to work. Also known as a bounce card.

A type of view-finding system in a camera; it involves seeing an image in the viewfinder that is seen through the very same lens taking the photograph of the film’s image. 

Light that is bent as a result of penetrating various mediums that cause the light to change its course. 

The rate at which the light travels in a vacuum in relation to its traveling speed within a substance. 

To register a piece of artwork means to register it with a copyright office.  The registration of a piece of artwork can happen at any point once the artwork is finished.  The registration does not include copyright protection.  Rather, registration is a legal formality ensuring the work is on public record.  Regardless, this legal formality is essential to an artist if he hopes to license his work or show his work in any way that may put the artwork at risk of possible infringement.  There is little cost in registering pieces of artwork and a savy artist does it to basically protect the work from another person copying it.

In order to register a piece of artwork, an artist completes an application and sends it to the copyright office.  The application includes a filing fee, a deposit of copies of the artwork, and a visual arts application form.  Registration of the artwork may take a number of months.  However, the copyright leverage becomes effective starting from the date the application is received by the copyright office.  An artist may obtain copies of the application form online from the United States Copyright Office.
 

The way in a frame aligns with the next frame.  Poor registration can make an image that will bobble once it is projected on the screen.  Like cameras, projectors also have registration, so it can be hard to distinguish sometimes what is the culprit for the bobble that may appear on the screen.  It is essential to have good registration especially for shots that have special effects; the images in these shots are multi-layered and will draw bad attention if the registration is not good.

A pin that some cameras contain.  Examples of such cameras include Éclair and Arriflex.  A registration pin works to keep an image steady during exposure.

Regular rhythm is one of the five types of visual rhythm.  It occurs when positive and negative shapes have the same visual beats.  In other words, the shapes contain the same amount of space between them and are predictable once the pattern of the rhythm is established.  An example of the use of regular rhythm can be found on brick walls and parking spaces.  

Relative positioning is one way that an element can be positioned with CSS.  If an element is positioned relatively, the box of an element is offset by some measurement.  The space the element would take over if it was not positioned is thought of as its containing block.  The element keeps the space it would have possessed if it had not been positioned, and the area is retained that the element would usually occ 

Relative scale is a method used to create and determine the spatial position of a figure or object in 3D picture plane; objects or figures that are more distant are drawn smaller in size than those objects or figures that are closer to the viewer.  And the objects or figure that are closer are drawn bigger. In this way, the relative size of an object/figure creates the illusion of space on a flat 2D picture plane.

A type of print created after the approval of the answer print.  A release print is struck using the exact timing of the final answer print.  It costs less than an answer print, because it is not re-timed.  Release prints are the ones movie theatres have access to.  The term comes from the fact that the print is “released” to them.

Sculptured artwork that projects or sinks in relation to a plane - it may be a carved or modeled form.  Material is taken away from the plane that is not necessary for the composition of the image.  A common use of relief sculpture is to place a number of relief panels together to portray scenes of an event.   

A little original sketch completed by an artist that is positioned outside of the image of a print (often in pencil, watercolor, or ink).  Serious art collects often prize a remarqued print because the print becomes a one-of-a-kind print along with the original artwork. 

The Renaissance is an art movement that emerged in Italy in the 1300s.  The term means, “rebirth” and relates to the development of interest in the past Classical feats in the arts.  The Renaissance was a time period that marked the moving away from the Middle Ages focus on religious artworks to focus on the state of the significance of mankind in society.  The creativity of the individual came into the forefront and experiences became main themes through the period’s artwork. As political stability grew in Italy, as well as the economy and thus cosmopolitanism, several changes took effect.  Education started to flourish, which encouraged the proliferation of libraries and academies.  As the economy grew, so did the arts.  Affluent persons became patrons of artists, such as the Medici family of Florence, Pope Julius II, Pope Leo X, and the Sforza family of Milan.  Interest grew in relation to the intellectual values of the Classical world.

One significant artist of this time period was Leonardo da Vinci.  He is often viewed as the archetypal figure in regard to the progressions made in literature, science and art made during the Renaissance.   Several of the famous artists of the Renaissance came from Florence; the city continued to be a significant location for the developments made during the period well into the 1500s.  The ideas of the Renaissance spread into Europe and began to affect some of the ideas in those countries.  One artist who was very much influenced by the period was Albrecht Durer from Germany.  He was a fine draftsman and became one of the many artists of the “Northern Renaissance.”  Over time, the art movement of Mannerism replaced the Renaissance; this movement had greater impact on influencing the style of the arts in the other European countries.  Important artists of the Renaissance include: Leonardo da Vinci
Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Titian and Michelangelo Buonarroti. 

An element can be classified as either a nonreplaced element or a replaced element.  Replaced elements are elements whose content is replaced by an item not immediately portrayed by the content of the document.  In other words, the element does not contain any content - just the element’s name and attributes are present.  Such an element can only be presented by inserting content through other methods since no content is contained in the element.  The img element is an example of a replaced element; it contains no content, but by inserting an external image through the use of a src attribute the image can be viewed by the user.  

A representational drawing is a type of drawing that tries to represent as closely as possible the object or scene that is drawn.  Realism is the goal when one attempts to do a representational drawing.

A reproof may signify several things, including that a new negative as been created, that an original has been worked on to remove previous blemishes or mistakes, to signify a reproduction was created from the original, or that a piece has been touched up because it was harmed in some way. 

A term that relates to fusible transparent materials.  They are the main ingredients in plastics and paints.

Resolution refers to the amount of information that a scanned image contains.  Resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).  The dots are the pixels that create the digital image.  A resolution of 72dpi signifies that in each inch of the image there exist 5184 pixels (72 x 72) in every square inch.  Dpi is also known as pixels per inch (ppi) as well as ‘res’ (the metric resolution for each millimeter). 

A retardant is an antoxidant fluid.  It is combined with paints to prevent them from drying.  When an artist desires to delay the painting's drying process, he/she will often use a retardant so work on the piece can be done over a number of days.  Oil of cloves is a favored retardant; only a few drops are necessary to combine with oil paints to use as a retardant.  Pine oil and oil of lavender are other useful retardants.  

A kind of film and processing method that creates a positive original.  It is similar to the slide film and processing used in still photography.

Reverse is the light-colored or white type of an image over a background that is dark.

A shot that involves a previous shot’s opposite side.  It may involve an actor coming and leaving through an entrance, a reaction shot, a P.O.V. shot, or the cutting between of two actors discussing something.    It is preferable that a reverse shot be on the same side of the 180 degree line to keep things consistent for the film viewers.

A mechanism used to wind film; it is made up of a spindle and crank to mount a single or multiple reels.  Usually it is mounted on either side of an editing bench.

RGB stands for red, green and blue.  It is a color system frequently used in digital printing.  This is a color system that may not be used for planographic printing (like lithography).  During the printing process, light magenta, light cyan, an additional black and often green and orange are added as well in order to lend a broader color range and an enhanced tonal gradation.  Light is made up of the primary colors of RGB – they are not the same as the primary colors of the pigments in inks and paint.

Part of the shoulder girdle, the rhomboids include the seventh cervical vertebra and thoracic vertebrae.  It is located at the medial border of scapula.    The function of the rhomboids is to draw the scapula toward the spine, and rotates its inferior angle medially.

a structural beam where the rafter tops meet

a nonstructural board where the rafter tops meet

Right-justified alignment is a type set that involves the text being even on the right AND left margin.  The additional white space is located amongst words and between characters on the line evenly. 

RIP stands for raster image processor.  Raster images are not created from bitmap grids (as opposed to vector grids).  The process of transforming digital and mathematical information to dots through the use of an output device is called rasterisation.  An RIP assists in making images bigger in size while maintaining the pixilation of the image.  For color management reasons, ICC profiles may be joined to the RIP software.

A breathable, light fabric that does not tear easily.  It may be treated to be waterproof or be surfaced with silver glass bead reflective surface in order to make it more easily seen. 

A kind of tape splicer; it comes in two models that use perforated splicing tape. One type of model is used for slanted cuts for sound.  Another type of model is used for straight cuts for a picture.

An art movement begun in the 1700s in France.  During this time period, the middle-class was becoming more affluent and influential.  When Louis XIV died, the wealthy families in Paris began to take a great amount of interest in style.  The particular style that developed was called Rococo, and was mostly used for interior decorating.  The term Rococo is from the French word “rocaille” that translated means pebbles.  It is a term that relates to the shells and stones used to embellish the interior of caves.  Shells, therefore, soon became the main motif in the new style.  High class women tried to outdo each other to decorate their houses with the most intricate decorations for their homes.  The style, therefore, mainly catered to women’s tastes and preferences.

One of the artists who rose up during the period was Francois Boucher.  He was a lace designer, painter and engraver.  He became popular for his feminine landscapes and mythological paintings.  Some of his clients included the Queen of France and the influential Mme. de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress.  It was Boucher’s style of work that came to dictate the ideal style shown in Louis XV’s court.  Gentle hues and pleasant forms characterize his light subject matter of goddesses, cupics, and shepherds.  The Rococo period is often viewed as the last chapter in the Baroque period.  Besides Boucher, other important artists of the Rococo era were William Hogarth, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Angelica Kauffmann, and Giovanni Antonio Canaletto.
 

The alphabet of Roman capitals is the alphabet created by the Romans.  It is the foundation of the majority of modern western alphabet systems.

Roman type is called normal or plain type in desktop publishing systems; it is also known as regular or book weight.  Roman type is utilized for the body type in publications that contain large amounts of text.

(1800-1850) Romanticism represented a shift of focus away from classical forms, and placed the stress on spiritual and emotional themes. movement first started in England and Germany in the 1770’s and gradually spread around Europe and the United States in the early 1800s.  The movement originated as a reaction against Neoclassicism due to changes happening around the French Revolution and Napoleonic time period.  Rather than focus on the Neoclassicism scheme of things such as idealization, logic, balance, and harmony, Romanticism chose to stress things such as one’s emotions, imaginative ideas and freedom.  Being unstructured and not being hampered by any set rules were key ideas in the movement.  Nature and a dedication to studying how people think and feel were important.  An underlying theme throughout the movement was taking into consideration a person’s inner struggles and thoughts.  Subject matter and ideas involved the medieval era, folk cultures, occult practices, the mysterious and the exotic.  Traditional values were rejected if they hindered a person’s ability to express his individuality and emotions.  Rigorous academic training were not deemed as important as an artist’s individual creativity and personal spiritual awakening.  The ideas in the movement that involved creating intentional associations in people’s minds when viewing a painting would prove to be very influential as Symbolism, Surrealism, and Expressionism developed in the years to come. 

A few key Romanticist artists include: George Stubbs, William Blake, John Martin, Francisco Goya, Sir Thomas Lawrence, John Constable, Eugene Delacroix, Sir Edwin landseer, Caspar David Friedric, and JMW Turner.

 

Ronin is a term referring to a samurai that has no mater.  Nowadays it may also refer to college students who have yet to pass college entrance exams and so they attend cram schools to catch up.

A recording that functions as a filler when editing sound; it is the “silence” of a location. A sync sound shoot often finishes with the sound recordist signaling the actors to remain silent for the recording of around thirty seconds of room tone.  This is because all places are never really silent, and therefore the filler must be particular to a specific location. 

Rough refers to a detailed thumbnail sketch used for a publication design.  A rough is completed at actual size with detail; clients use the roughs for review. 

A term referring to the film edited between the steps of the film being an assembly and a fine cut.

Route aggregation in networking is the creating of two or more networks combined into a single routing prefix.

A rule is a geometric line that functions as a graphic aid in assembling pages.  A rule (or ruling line) is different that a line of type. 

The rule of thirds is based upon the Golden ratio.  It is a principle many visual artists follow when designing a pleasing composition.  The aim of the rule is to position the composition’s main areas of interest along lines that separate the image into three equal rows and columns - most preferably at or near the intersection of the lines.  

Rule structure is the correct syntax of how to apply styles to HTML and XHTML with CSS. Each rule contains two distinct parts; these parts include the selector and the declaration block.  p {color:black; font-family:serif;} is an example of the rule structure.  P is called the selector.  The other items are part of the declaration block.  Color is the property and black is the value of that property.  And font-family is the property and serif is the value of that property.  

Every roll of paper contains a run number.  The number includes the dye-lot and pattern information.  A room generally uses rolls of paper with the same number.

A run-around is a type set to fit within the outline of an ornament, initial, illustration or photograph.

A run-in heading is a heading positioned upon the very same line as the text. Frequently this text is put in either italic or bold type.

In CSS, a run-in creates either an inline box or block box, and this is determined by the circumstances.  It is defined by display: run-in.  The outcome is determined by the rules of: 1) If the run-in includes a block-box, the run-in will create a block box. 2) If a sibling block box directly follows a run-in and it is not absolutely positioned or  floated, then the run-in box turns into the sibling block box’s first inline box. 3) The run-in will create a block box if both conditions are not applicable.  

Running heads/feet are titles positioned at either the top or bottom of the pages of text on a publication containing multiple pages.  Frequently, running heads/feet include page numbers as well.

An unedited work-print returning from the lab.  One is usually in a “rush” to ensure that the film came out correctly, and hence the term.  Rushes are also known as dailies (so termed because some labs manage to get the job done the same day it was dropped off).

The alphabet of rustic capitals is an informal alphabet that the Romans used.  This alphabet contained long roundish letters as opposed to the standard square Roman capitals.