An abbreviation for international standards organization.  It means the same thing as I.E. and A.S.A.  Sometimes the I.S.O. abbreviation is placed on a light meter. 

An ideogram is symbol that describes an abstract idea or concept - as opposed to a tangible object.

An embellishment of a manuscript that contains gold leaf burnished to shine brightly.  Illumination may also be used in reference to embellishing with color and gold. 

A style of painting in which the painter aims to create three-dimensionality from two-dimensional objects.  

An illustration is a general term that refers to a drawing or original piece of artwork that often includes a narrative imbedded within the image.  Illustrations are often included, for example, within children’s books to provide a visual of what is happening at a set time in a story.

An image area is the region within a page that includes the copy; the image area is designated by the margins of the page.

The image size is the size of the artwork that is reproduced on a print.  The image size refers to the actual image itself – not the overall size of the paper.

A type of synthetic leather frequently made from vinyl.  Imitation leather does not contain as many of the usual characteristics and natural blemishes from real leather. 

A method of painting that includes heavy, rich color in its paint application. 

Implied lines are lines that are not necessary drawn in an image, but are lines created by values, colors, textures or shapes that guide the eye though the piece of artwork.   

Texture refers to the surface quality of something.  Texture may be implied or actual.  Implied texture is texture that is visual.   

1867-1886

A turning point was made in European painting during the mid 1800s when a group titled the “Impressionists” started to use new scientific information regarding the physics of color in their paintings.  They paintings they created were completed by filling canvases with small touches of color that mirrored the impressions of light and color the artists saw outdoors.  The focus of the painting method was to stress an individual’s way of SEEING the subject matter.  The fleeting moment of seeing the subject matter  - its essence – was essential.  Most of the Impressionist paintings were full of color – tiny details were often not included. Examples of some of the Impressionist painters include: Pierre Auguste Renoir , Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet and Berthe Morisot. Each artist of the group chose their own subject matter based on their preferences.  Degas, for example, chose to focus on horse races and ballet dancers.  Monet chose to focus on gentle changes seen in the atmosphere.  The movement sparked other smaller art movements, including: Pointillism, Art Nouveau and Fauvism.  Pointillism emerged from the idea of using small dots of color which then merged together the further the eye stood from the painting.  Seurat was one of the major forerunners of the movement.  Other artists associated with movements inside Impressionism include:, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Signac, and Camille Pissarro. 

Impressionism continued to influence many artists today in encouraging them to look at subject matter in new ways. 
 

A thin layer of tinted paint spread over a ground in order change its value to a middle value and/or to reduce the absorbency of the ground. 

A kind of outline quilting completed along an applique edge or seam. Marks are not used for this type of quilting.

A reading that measures the quantity of light striking a subject.  One makes a reading with a light meter that contains a white half sphere that stands in for the subject.  The sphere is directed towards the camera so the light striking the subject is also striking the sphere.  Another kind of light reading is called reflective light reading.

Another term for “fop” or “dandy” for men self-conscious about their fashionable appearance during the Directoire period (1795-1799). 

To indent is to keep a space blank in addition to the margin given.  The space is placed at the first line of writing – it signals that a new paragraph is beginning.

In the 1950s and early 1960s artists grouped together to create dramatic and power-filled images portraying scenes in Florida.  A major influence on the group was A.E. “Beanie” Backus, a Florida naturalist.  The group used materials such as masonite, upson board, canvas board and canvas to create their work.  Rather than going through the traditional route of galleries, the artists sold the work themselves along highways for a number of years. 

 

A French word for printed or painted muslin from India.  In England the term is chintz.

The farthest away distance on a lens’ focusing ring.

Infraspinatus is positioned below the spine on the surface of the scapula.  It is inserted on the posterior side of the head of the humerus.  It is responsible for moving the upper arm outwardly in a rotating motion.

Finished oil paintings benefit from a protective layer to keep dirt, dust, and other material from damaging the work.  These varnish and varnish mediums can be bought commercially or made by the artist.  Common components of these protective layers are as follows:

Beeswax oil medium - 10 parts raw linseed oil, 2 parts beeswax, 1/16 part litharge. 

Beeswax medium - 1 part beeswax, 3 parts turpentine. 

Damar varnish - 1 part crushed damar resin, 4 parts turpentine.

Damar varnish medium - 9 parts damar varnish, 9 parts turpentine, 4 parts stand oil, 2 parts Venice turpentine.

Shellac varnish - 1 part shellac (clear or colored), 7 parts alcohol.

Stand oil medium - 1 part stand oil, 3 parts Venice turpentine.

Varnish medium - 1 part copal varnish, 1 part linseed oil, 1 part turpentine.

A document’s elements create a hierarchy with the root element located at the top and the remaining document parts sprawled out beneath it.  Within an HTML document, the body and head elements are located beneath the html element.  Ancestor elements are located higher in the tree-like structure and their descendents are located below them.  CSS refers to the document structure to determine inheritance (refers to how a style is inherited by the descendents of an element).  Inheritance can be overruled by a style rule that is immediately applied to an element.  Values that are inherited do not possess specificity.  It is important to realize that some elements are not inherited.  A property will define if it is inherited; examples of elements that are not inherited include such elements such as background, margin, border and padding.  

In CSS, inline boxes are rectangular boxes created from an inline-level box. The height and width are not applicable to nonreplaced inline boxes.  Any value of auto is changed to 0 (zero) for the following properties: margin-right, margin-top, margin-left, top, bottom, left and right.  

An inline-level box is one in which an element’s box is created in a line of text and keeps the flow of the line.  Span, em and a are all examples of inline-level elements.  They do not cause a line break before or after their code, so they never disrupt the flow of content they are inserted into.  Display values that make inline boxes include: ruby, inline-table, inline-block and inline.   

The use of inline styles is one method in which  HTML and XHTML can be stylized with CSS.  The style information can be designated for an element through the use of the style attribute.  A style attribute’s value is a declaration block minus the curly braces.  Just the content of a single declaration can be applied to a style attribute value; an entire style sheet may not be inserted into a style attribute.

A very close shot of some detail in a scene.  It is similar to a cutaway shot, but instead of distancing away from the scene, one moves in.

Intaglio is a printing process that involves making an image through the use of a metal plate being scratched on its surface or being bitten with acid.  Once the plate is inked, it is worked into the regions or bitten lines – filling them up.  This in turn makes the image be in reverse when it is applied to paper as it rolls through the press.  Intaglio includes a variety of processes such as photo etching, aquatint, dry-point, engraving and mezzotint.

In calligraphy, an interletter space is a space that exists between two letters.

In calligraphy, an interlinear space is the space that exists between two lines of writing.

Multiple mechanisms that contain motors that run in sync are termed “interlocked.”  A tape recorder and a sync sound camera do not run interlocked.  A tape recorder’s motor is not running in sync with the camera motor, because a tape recorder is recording pilottone. 

The term internal is a descriptive word regarding the locations of the body.  The term internal signifies the movement towards the middle of a hollow form (like the trunk). 

A copy of a film that is put on fine-grained stock.  An internegative creates far more prints than is practical to make from A&B rolls. 

A mechanism that is joined to a camera for shooting single exposures.  It is similar to an animation motor.  However, it  has the ability to expose single frames automatically.  (This is the method of time lapse photography.)

In calligraphy, an interword space is the space that exists between two words.

A valve is inside the lens that dictates the degree of light that can go through it.  When one opens an iris, more light has the opportunity to come through the lens.  And when one closes the iris, less light can pass through it.  The amount at which an iris is closed or opened is set in f-stops.  Some lenses also have t-stops.

An iris is a particular kind of inkjet printer; originally it was used to make reproductions of artwork on fine art papers.

Handmade lace created with the chain stitch.  The lace repeats the needlepoint lace style developed in Ireland.  The Irish crochet lace was fashionable from the late 19th century to early 20th century.

Known as a French curve, drawing curve, irregular curve or aircraft curve, this skinny, clear, hard material (often plastic), is shaped in a scroll or curved form in order to lead its user past a number of points not found along the curve of a circle.  It comes in several forms and sizes and is often named in connection to the particular work it is created for - such as the ship curve employed in ship designs.  Draftpersons and artists frequently use French curves in their work.  

IT8 refers to a range of color targets for color characterization of various media and devices (like printers and scanners).  It functions as a means to create color profiles in order to achieve consistent color on various types of paper.  IT8 is the standard color reference tool used for calibration input and output devices by the printing industry.

A kind of relief quilting that places a measured piece of cording or thread into a quilted channel. This particular relief quilting started in England, but was later made famous by the Italians and hence sometimes called Italian quilting

Slanted forms of writing; it contains curving letters formed from an elliptical model, as opposed to a circular one.