A scale that measures the size of the opening of the iris on a camera’s lens.  When one opens the iris wider, more light is allowed to expose the film.  Closing the iris permits a less amount of light to enter the camera.  The smaller the number of the f-stop, the wider is the opening of the iris (and vice versa).  A standard f-stop scale is 1.4 - 2 - 2.8 - 4 - 5.6 - 8 - 11 - 16 – 22.

Face is the standard term used for an alphabet created for typographic use.

A term describing a type of bone concave form, facet is a small depression that takes in the convexity of a secondary bone at a joint.

Facing pages are two pages that are displayed as a spread if the publication is open in a double-sided document.

Moving from a shot into blackness; the image of the film gradually fades into darkness is called a fade out.  A fade in is the term for when the darkness becomes brighter and brighter and the image comes into view.  They are created in a lab during the printing phase.  However, negative cutters prepar them beforehand by cutting an overlap of black into the A&B rolls.  Fades made in the labs only come in set amounts, such as 48 frames.

A fair agent agreement is an agreement made between an artist and an artist agent in regard to how the agent will go about gaining exposure for the artist’s work.  Some agreements are exclusive agreements – in other words, one agrees to work with only one particular agent.  Some agents desire an artist to sign an agency agreement that lasts up to three years.  This provides them the chance to market one’s work and start working on licenses agreements.  It is best not to sign an agreement longer than a year with an art agent unless one is interested in licensing one’s work.  This way if an agent does not perform his/her job to one’s tastes, one can then switch to another agent in a shorter amount of time.

A few key items that are important in a fair agent agreement are statements that allow any work loaned to the agent to be returned once the agreement ends, a description of the reservation of an artist’s right to end a licensing or sale agreement, a description of who will take on the cost of advertising and promotional materials and additional expenses, the amount the agent will be paid for up-coming transactions (like sales, licenses…) without the assistance of the agent, as well as provision of the rights of both parties to end the agreement. 
 

Fan service may refer to shots of a woman’s undergarments or body solely for the sake of visual pleasure.  The term may also refer to any items included within manga or anime for the sake of pleasing the fans. 

Fanboy and fangirl are rather negative terms used to refer to an obsessive anime fan from the United States.  The term “trekkie” is its equivalent.

Fansub is an anime that is subtitled by non-professionals.  It is frequently done as a result of no dubbing being yet available for a particular anime. Frequently anime releases can be accessed in fansub form several months in advance of when a professional version is completed.  One can obtain fansub forms through the internet, in college anime groups or at anime conventions.  Though illegal, fansub forms are often allowed because of marketing purposes.  Once the official anime release is in circulation in the United States, many internet sources pull out the illegal versions.
 
 

A description of paint.  “Fat” relates to the high oil content in a particular paint.     

A fatty acid is an organic acid molecule made up of a carboxylic acid group and a chain of carbon molecules.  They can be obtained in oil, fat and as parts in a variety of essential lipids such as triglycerides.  The body can use fatty acids to create energy. 

1905-1908

Fauvism was the fore-runner of the avant-garde movements that sprung up in Europe during the 20th century.  Unnatural, bright, often unusual combinations were put together in this movement’s artwork.  The underlying current of the movement was expressionistic.  Distorted landscapes filled with color was typical.  The name “Fauvism” was coined when a critic was commenting on a sculpture located in the same space of the group’s first exhibition.  The critic’s disdainful comment of, “Donatello among the wild beasts!” caught on and was gladly accepted by the Fauvist artists.  Key artists in the movement include Rouault, Derain, Vlaminck, Braque, Dufy and Matisse. 
 

To feather means to insert tiny portions of leading within paragraphs, lines and in front of or after headings to balance the baselines of a page’s columns.

A type of quilting that involves complicated quilting designs. Also known as fancies.

A fabric created from hair, wool or a combination of made-made fibers; it is a non-woven fabric. 

A combination of silk and linen, viscose, and cotton; it is created to alter the properties of a material in order to help it maintain its shape. 

Fibromyalgia is a painful, chronic, widespread condition that is intensified by pressure on the body.  It is often associated with poor memory, lack of sleep, mood disorders, fatigue and lethargy.  Statistically, more women than men suffer from this medical condition.  As with many health conditions, fibromyalgia can be helped by a healthy diet, including the consumption of fermented foods such as yogurt and kefir to foster a healthy balance of gut flora in the intestines.  Maintaining healthy intestinal flora are essential for those suffering from chronic health conditions because over 80% of the immune system is found in the gut.  Boosting the immune system can assist a person fighting any health condition or disease. 

Scarves designed for women that were worn in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.  The scarves were generally created from muslin. 

A figure is a positive or dominate shape in a drawing or painting. The shape is distinct from the background of the picture; it comes forward in the composition.

The figure-ground relationship is the organization of negative and positive shapes positioned in such a way as to create interest from the viewing audience.  Another term for this type of relationship is called “positive/negative relationship.”

A digital file’s information is stored in different kinds of file formats.  Either the formats are based in the application program that first made the file (.doc is a Microsoft Word file for instance) or a standard format that is understood by the majority of imaging programs (like JPG).  Some file formats will take the information and compress it so it makes files smaller.  This in turn helps to save storage space and better facilitates sending e-mails of the digital information.  However, during the compression process information is lost.  Examples of such formats include AI, EPS, JPG PSD, and TIFF. 

Pigment that is inert which is mixed into paint in order to thicken it.  It is also known as an “extender.”  Often times it is much cheaper and more efficient for a painter to use a filler especially if the painting requires a large amount of paint. 

 Filler refers to the type of quilt batting used to line the inside of a quilt.  Examples of filler include: wool, synthetic fiber, or cotton.  These items are wadded into rolls or sheets and used by quilters to line quilts.

A scrap film that is usually used to ensure a sound track runs the same length as the picture; sometimes there may not be any sound, but the track still needs to be the same length.  Filler is often a print that has the emulsion removed from along its center. 

A thin layer of a material, such as paint. 

A type of liquid that melts and adheres together two separate pieces of film. 

The plane of depth from a film’s lens inside the camera.  The plane marks the point where the distances on the focusing ring are measured.  It is marked on the exterior of the camera with a mark that resembles the planet Saturn turned sideways. 

The measurement of the sensitivity of light needed for the necessary exposure of a particular film stock.  It is mainly the result of the size of the silver halides within the emulsion.  The standard rule is that the bigger the grain, the less light becomes necessary for exposure.  Most of the time film stocks are referred to as being slow or fast.  A slow film contains tinier grains and it needs more light.  And fast film contains bigger grains and requires less light.

A tinted piece of plastic or glass that is positioned in front of or behind a lens in a filter holder.  It fuctions as a means to alter the color appearance of the shot.  They can be used to change tungsten balanced film for use in broad daylight or the other way around.  Sometimes they are used for aesthetic purposes. 

There are numerous kinds of ways in which the surface of leather can be finished after tanning.  Finishing lends an original appearance to a piece of hide, hides blemishes, changes the surface color and protects the hide from wear.  The lower the quality of a hide, the more finishing is needed to create a decent leather. 

A solution sprayed on drawings to stop any possible blurring, smudging or flaking from happening to it.  It is used to “fix” the drawing so it remains honest to the initial drawing.  It is best to spray fixatives outdoors to prevent the spray (usually alcohol or shellac) from entering the lungs.    

Fixed positioning is one way that an element can be positioned with CSS. If an element is in a fixed position, the box of the element acts like it is set to absolute; however the element’s box container is actually the viewpo 

Refers to a quick type of table layout using CSS that is not reliant on the contents of table cells.  This type of layout relies instead on the width values of the cells, columns and table located in the 1st row of the table.   This layout uses these steps: 1) A column element with a width property set to any value except to auto creates a width for itself.  2) A cell creates the width for its column if it has a width value other than auto, and the column contains an auto width.  If the cell spans several columns, the width is separated evenly amidst the columns.  3) All the columns that remain auto-sized are sized so their widths are evenly sized as much as possible.  4) The table width is fixed at the table’s width value or the total value of the column widths, depending on which value is greater.  If the column widths are less than the table width, then the amount between them is divided by the number of columns and added to each one.  

The term may refer to a big black piece of cloth that is placed on a frame in order to remove light from a portion of the composition.  The term may also refer to a little piece of tape that is adhered to a shot in a roll in a cutting room.  It is used as a bookmark.  It sticks out of a roll’s side and makes finding particular shots easy.

The term flare may refer to the irregular pattern of direct light washing out the start and end of a roll on daylight spools.  The term may also refer to lens flare.  Lens flare results when a lens is hit by light which causes the whole image to be fogged.  Lens flare can be prevented by flagging the lens. 

Flash is a type of vector graphic animation software.  It was made by Macromedia to make browser-independent graphics; these type of graphics are thus displayed in the same manner across all browsers – keeping the Internet unified and ensures users are seeing what the website designer intended.  Using Flash animation is efficient way to animate something, because Flash download time is fast.

The term flash frame may refer to a single frame that is totally blank between two shots.  Flash frame happens if the camera is stopped while its gate is open which permits for an extended amount of exposure time on a particular single frame.  Sometimes flash frames can be useful in the editing room if used between shots; it allows a person to easily know when a shot ends and another begins.  The term may also refer to the first couple overexposed frames at the start or end of a shot as a result of the camera requiring more time to get up to speed. 

A machine used for editing that is similar to a desk containing a screen at its center.  The film rests on plates that are threaded in the middle section that contains transports for the sound and picture.

A sturdy pile fabric created from polyster.  It drys fast and will not pull or distort its shape; it is lighter and warmer than its wool counterpart.

To flex as it relates to muscles means to bend.  A flexor is a muscle that flexes.

A cloth bounce card that is put on a bendable ring that can be folded up to take up less room when it is not being used. 

Floating an element in CSS allows the element to be positioned to the right or left of its containing block and for other content to flow around it with respect to its edges.  Each floated element creates a block box despite any kind of box that would have been created if it was not floated.  A floated element is positioned depending on certain rules such as:  1) The right outer edge (or left) can not be to the right inner edge (or left) of the element’s containing block.  2) The top of a floating element can not be above the top of any previous block-level or floating element. 3) The top of a floating element can not be higher than the inner top of the element’s block container. 4) An element that is floated needs to be positioned as high as it can be placed.  5) An element that is floated left needs to be placed to the left as much as it can be (and the same principle applies to a right floated element).   

Fibers chopped in small pieces that are dropped over a pattern printed on a section of adhesive material.  The aim of flock is to give the appearance of velvet. 

A flourish is an elongated pen stroke or linear decoration element that enhances a letter’s basic form.

Flowing rhythm is one of the five types of visual rhythm.  It occurs when curvy positive and negative shapes are repeated and when wavy lines are repeated.  Examples of flowing rhythm are found on many wallpapers that contain flowers, leaves and stems.   

Fluidity of line refers to the quality of smoothness, pliability, and gracefulness of a line. Such lines may be full of curves, twists, soft edges and trailing ends.  Fluid lines are dissimilar from hard lines which may contain rough edges, sharp angles and abrupt ends.

1960-1965

Begun in New York in the 1960s which eventually expanded into Japan and Europe, Fluxus included a fusion of several past movements, including Bauhaus, Zen, and Dada.  Expansive gestural marks founded upon artistic notions coupled with burlesque characterized the movement.  The most well-known artist of the movement is Yoko Ono.  However, the movement is not just a stylistic way of doing art, but a sensibility – an attitude to creating art.  Often the artists that align themselves with the movement seek to alter social, political, and aesthetic ideas of how things should or could be done.  Other key artists of the movement include: Joseph Beuys, Robert Filliou and Dick Higgins.
 

A silk fringe made up of small tassels or tufts.  The fringe was generally used to trim women’s gowns in the eighteenth century.

The view that a lens contains, whether it be a narrow view or a wide view.  Bigger numbers on a focal length signify a narrower view, and smaller numbers signify a wider view.

Fog occurs if any raw light has the opportunity of exposing the film.

Recording during the post-production process any custom sound effects.  It is done in the same process that dialogue is dubbed.  Foley is the name of the man who invented the process.

A folio is a page number; the page number often includes running footers or headers.

A shot that involves altering the focus of the camera during the shooting process to pair up with the action of the subject matter.

Font refers to a set of characters that are in a particular typeface in a particular style and in a particular point size.  For example, a 14-point Times Italic is a font.  The typeface is Times, the style is Italic, and the point size is 14. 

Foot candle refers to the measurement of light.  The term originated from exactly what its title is; the light of one candle that is one foot away is one foot candle.  Light meters convert foot candle numbers into an f-stop measurement.  However, one should realize that there exists several kind of film speeds.   Thus, using foot candles as a reference point is not necessary recommended because f-stops may not correspond exactly to any given number of foot candles since there are so many film speeds.

Footage may refer to either the amount of film that a person has shot in a given time period, or it may refer to all of the film footage that has been exposed. 

A term describing a type of bone concave form, a foramen is a hole.

The foreground is the closest space in a composition in relation to the viewer.  The foreground stands out from the background of the picture. 

Describes the means to create third dimension effect in a drawing by the shortening of lines in the drawing. 

An illusion of the eye, creating the effect that objects become smaller the further away they are, and become larger the closer they are to the viewer.  Foreshortening is used in drawing in order to create a sense of depth and make objects appear to exist spatially to each other.  

Format relates to the size and shape of a painting.  If it is a rectangle, the orientation can be longer in the vertical dimension (portrait) - or longer in the horizontal (landscape).  Format decisions  by the artist on both size and shape of the art surface will impact the composition strategy and the effects. 

A term describing a type of bone concave form, a fossa is a hollow that is not as shallow as a facet.

A factory that creates metal castings.  Metals, such as aluminum or iron, are cast into shapes by pouring melted metal into molds and then taking off the mold or casting once the metal has solidified. 

Fourdrinier paper machines make the Hahnemühle natural paper.  The paper is created by the movement of a wire over many rollers which is applied to the saturated pulp.  Gradually the paper web is created.  Then the paper is removed from the wire and placed in the machine through natural felt rollers that in turn press and dry the paper in different stages.  The paper can be purchased in several surface textures and sizes.  Watercolorists often use the paper to paint on, and several kinds of printing processes use the paper as well. 

Frac is the French word for the English “frock coat.” 

Any single image on a piece of film; each second of film footage contains twenty-four frames. 

Extra frames located at the end and start of each shot of footage.  The number of frame handles changes from each application.  In general, they are used to get original material ready for optical printing.  For instance, in optical printing, frame handles can be used to prevent printed-in dirt that often shows up next to a splice where bits of film cement have an opportunity to flake off.

A tiny amount of space the in the middle of frames.  Shots are cut and joined at a frame line.

 (1760 - 1802) Abbot was a painter from England.  Many of his customers were naval officers.  His portrayals of Lord Nelson are the most-known of his art.  Tragically, in 1798 he went crazy and was unable to finish his work; it was eventually finished by other artists.  

The method of stitching complicated and curving designs by a machine.

A freehand drawing is a drawing that is created without the use of a mechanical device (such as a projector, straightedge, compass, or protractor).

A metal black flag joined to the camera with an arm that can be altered into various positions.  It functions as a means to shade a camera’s lens from light that can cause flare. 

A technique used in painting that distributes pigments in water.  The pigments are then put on a damp plaster wall.  The binder is made from the wall and the support. The two methods of fresco painting are buon fresco and fresco secco.

A type of painting technique in which the pigment is combined with a binding agent and then applied on dry plaster.  A true fresco painting is better than using the method of fresco secco in terms of durability. 

A single or double-breasted coat designed for men containing fold-back lapels.  The coat was fashionable during the late eighteenth century and nineteenth century.

A kind of fiber that functions as a prebiotic in the intestines to provide food for the good microflora. 

Fruitwood is a term used by businesses in regards to woods of different fruit trees, such as plum and apple.  Pear and apple woods are favored as carving woods because they are stable, permanent and soft.  Moreover, their textures are consistent and not rough to the touch.  The colors of fruitwood can vary from yellowish red to a carmel yellow.  

Colors in dyes or pigments that fade when hit with sunlight. 

A lining projecting from the hem and sleeve openings in the Japanese kimono. Usually it is in a contrasting color and sometimes it is padded.

The term fullcoat refers to mag stock containing a layer of oxide that spreads all over one side.  One can purchase 35mm in either stripe or fullcoat.  16mm mag only comes fullcoat.  Stripe is less expensive than fullcoat.  In regard to 35mm, one might purchase the fullcoat over stripe because the fullcoat can be used to record many tracks. 

1909-1944

An avant-garde art movement in Italy that was inspired by technology, modernity and speed.  The machine age and war was celebrated, and so was Fascism.  Unlike most other art movements, Futurism was different in that it was a self-invented period.  Artists of the movement sought to create an understanding of a person’s memories and what one actually sees.  The way in which futurist artists represented the world impacted several future art movements such as Russian Constructivism and Cubism, as well as famous artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Robert Delaunay.  Examples of futurist artists include: Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, and Gino Severini.