A type of lens with a screw mount.  It is frequently used on small 16mm cameras. 

A kind of light stand that contains legs that are fixed and have the ability to extend outward or together when they are not being used.  Frequently they come along with an arm.  A C Stand usually holds a flag. 

An abbreviation that stands for camera roll.

An abbreviation for color temperature blue.  Color correction gels are utilized in lighting in order to change the temperature of the color from tungsten to daylight; the gels come in different measurements of quarter blue, full blue, and half blue.

An abbreviation for color temperature orange.  Color correction gels are utilized in lighting to change the temperature of the color from daylight to tungsten; the gels come in different measurements of full orange, half orange, and quarter orange.

A type of design in quilting that looks like a rope that is twisted.

A somewhat old school method of sync sound shooting.  It involves running a cable from a Pilottone generator from a camera to a tape recorder.

The cabriole is a leap in ballet that involves the beating of the lower leg at an angle against the upper leg prior to the dancer touching the ground on the lower leg.

The cachucha is a type of Spanish dance that occurs in either ¾ or 3/8 time with castanets.

The cakewalk is a type of African-American dance that involves partners strutting and performing high kicks and quick steps.

Calesitas is a term referring to merry-go-rounds.

A two-legged tool useful for switching over measurements.  

A tool used by sculptors to measure in the round as they work.  The tool contains two jaws that adjust and can be purchased in a variety of sizes in plastic, metal or wood.   

A callout is a label that explains an illustration; a section of the illustration is frequently pointed out with a leader line.

“Calypso” refers to music typical of the England ballads performed by the people of Trinidad.  Several steps were made for this type of music in 1956 (probably because of the singing of Harry Bellafonte) because the music became so popular.  The steps are similar to the steps found in Martinique Beguine or the Cuban Bolero. 

Cambre in ballet refers to the bending of one’s wait either to the back or to the side.

A core that is 2 inches.

Camera noise that is heard when a camera is on.  Every camera will generate some noise, which is why a barney is often used.

Camera obscura refers to a system of mirrors and lenses created during the 16th and 17th centuries.  It was used as a primitive camera for artists.  Using a camera obscura, a painter could project an image on a 2D surface to use it as a preliminary sketch. 

A stronger word than just saying “Original.”

A type of paperwork that goes along with each camera roll.  Each camera roll has one camera reporter.  The reports may be used to share specific timing concerns with the lab.  Reports are important to solve problems with the footage because they allow for a written log of the coverage that is very helpful to the timers and editors to prevent any confusion as they handle the footage.

Every roll of film shot becomes a camera roll.  Numbers are used on each roll to clarify its content.  The standard notation is to use the abbreviation of C.R. and then put the number of the roll.  A lab puts the camera rolls together and prints them in the correct order.  This allows for an organized way to go about editing the film later.

Another word for film.  Sometimes it is called camera stock so people do not confuse it with print stock.

A type of cloth tape that is specially made for use on film shoots.  It is made so no residue is left on the camera.  The tape is usually an inch in width and white.  Frequently people write on the tape with permanent markers to label magazines with the camera roll number and the emulsion type.  Gaffer’s tape is a similar kind of tape and often they are used interchangeably. 

This term refers to the material ready to be published that is prepared into a negative for a printing plate.  An example of a camera-ready copy could be an actual print or a computer file. 

A camisole is a women’s garment that contains no sleeves and is short.

Camp Pockets are pockets positioned on the exterior of a garment and are frequently seamed and squared-off.

The Can Can is a dance that began around the 1830s.  In a short time, the Can Can became an energetic dance performed in the music halls of France for social events.  Black silk stocking legs were kicked high in the air – a wild and extreme thing during this time period.  It is thought that the Can Can started as a variation of the Quadrille or Polka. 

Cancer is the formation of abnormal cells; these cells frequently grow at an alarming rate and may spread to any part of the body if not contained or removed.  The abnormal cells can manifest themselves in different ways in a single tissue.  The term “cancer” is an umbrella term that covers over a hundred different types of diseases.  The consumption of fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir and sauerkraut, helps to prevent and retard the growth of cancer and disease due to their ability to fight bad bacteria with the good bacteria they contain.

A multi-purpose and long-wearing climbing palm that thrives in the subtropics and tropics. 

A piece of woven cloth that provides the surface area for paint. 

A type of long-wearing tightly woven cloth that contains a rougher texture; it often used for practical purposes.  Canvas may be made from materials such as acrylics, cottons or a combination of other materials.  It is often treated in order to be water-resistant.

The Canyengue is at the root of the tango.  It goes back to the 1900s.  The title means “walk with cadence” and comes from Africa.  The dance is a sensual, rather upbeat performance.  It contains short steps and a strong beat.  Overtime the musical signature of 4x8 was changed to the tango’s musical signature of today of 4x2.

Cap Height is the amount of distance that exists from the top of the capital letters to the baseline.

In calligraphy, the cap line is the guideline that displays how high a capital letter is. 

A cap sleeve is a sleeve that is short and small that rests on the shoulder; it creates a stiff cap or covering on the arm to allow for only a small amount of coverage.

Capri pants are simply shortened pants; they taper to the mid-calf.

A caption is used as a title for a picture or an illustration; frequently a caption is a short phrase.  It should refer and relate to the content used around it.

A brown seed that is small and curved that features a nutty taste.  It originates from the parsley family.

Carbohydrates are created out of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon; they are neutral compounds.  Starches, fiber, and sugars are forms of carbohydrates.  They are thought of as a “macronutrient” due to the carbohydrate’s ability to provide a substantial amount of energy in one’s food intake. 

A type of sweet spice that originates from India.  It belongs to the ginger family and can be purchased in the form of a pod or ground state.  To achieve the freshest flavor, it is best to ground one's own cardamom just before use to ensure the best flavor. 

A cardigan is a knit jacket that opens in the front.  The term “cardigan” comes from Great Britain’s Earl of Cardigan (also known as James Thomas Brudenell). 

A cardigan jacket is a jacket or sweater not containing a collar; it is open at the garment’s front.

The term “cardiovascular” is used in reference to something relating to the heart and blood vessels.

A artichoke relative that is common in France, South America and Italy.  Its leaves are removed and the stems are eaten. 

Cargo refers to a garment’s design that includes a large pocket with a pleat and flap.

The carioca is a term referring to a native of Rio de Janeiro; the term also is shorthand for the Brazilian dance called the Samba Carioca.  During the dance, people join together in chains or cues (called cordoes) and move their bodies back and forth to the Samba-Carioca and the Marchas.  The dance is performed at the Carioca Carnival. 

A carmagnole is a type of jacket containing gold buttons and wide lapels that was worn by French Revolutionaries. Workers originally from Carmagnola, Italy introduced the jacket to France.

A type of Swing dance style originating performed in the states of Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia.  Usually the dance is performed to the music of The Embers, The Drifters, the Tarms, and a variety of “Motown” artists.  The dance is similar to West Coast Swing – containing similar coaster steps, shuffles, slot movement… The tempo of the music is slow to medium and is danced by a wide variety of ages. 

This is the first standard minuscule script; it was designed by Alcuin of York towards the end of the 8th century.  He was directed by the Emperor Charlemagne to create it.

An Italian appetizer created from shavings of filet mignon. 

A protein taken from cow’s milk that is used to made a water-resistant flat film.

 A water-soluble paint that contains a dusty-like finish.

An elegant, very soft fiber made of wool created from Kashmir goats' hair.  The goats are bred in Iraq, India, Tibet, China, Mongolia, and Iran.

A container that is ovenprofoof and deep; it is used to cook foods gradually.

A cast shadow is a type of shadow that is created on a form next to a surface that is turned away from the source of light.  When a form blocks the light, it causes a cast shadow to be formed.  Every object that blocks light has a cast shadow associated with it.

A cataract is the fogging over of the eye’s lens; cataracts often cause visual impairment over time.  A number of sicknesses and diseases can be helped or alleviated with the consumption of fermented foods, such as yogurt, sauerkraut and kefir.  

A common white-fleshed fish.  Wild catfish contain a muddier flavor as opposed to catfish that have been bred in farms.  White flesh is tastier than grayish flesh.

A type of pepper that is made out of finely ground chile pepper.  It is also known as red pepper.

A kind of celery that is popular for its root.  This root is eaten mostly in purees and salads. 

Celiac disease (celiac sprue) is a genetic disease that results when the intestinal lining becomes inflamed as a result of someone eating protein gluten (as found in wheat products, rye, barley and often corn and oats).  Prevention of the inflammation is attained by not eating grains containing gluten.  The disruption of nutrient absorption can occur with celiac disease due to the inflammation and wasting away of the intestines.  This lack of absorption of nutrients can cause tremendous strain on the body and result in a number of symptoms. Because celiac disease is caused by someone unable to properly break down protein gluten, many people who have celiacs disease are able to consume properly fermented organic whole wheat sourdough bread because the fermentation process breaks down the protein gluten.  Thus, consuming the bread is no longer a problem for the intestines to digest.

Cellulose acetate is derived from cellulose which is used in the processing of lacquers, plastics, photographic film and textile fibers.  Because it is less flammable that celluose nitrate, it is less dangerous to use in film.  Moreover, it does not yellow to the same degree as cellulose nitrate does in the daylight; however, cellulose acetate does not last as long, is not as hard and lacks other lacquer properties.  Permanent constructions or paintings should not use cellulosic products due to their instability.  

A specific kind of splice that negative cutters frequently use.  It involves the overlap of two pieces of film joined together with film cement. 

The all-important part of a painting to which all other elements are supportive in that they do not generate distraction. Competing portions of a painting can diminish the power, intensity, or preferred focus on the center of interest. 

The point located on the horizon line that connects to the observation point.  Usually it is at this point where the horizon line and centerline intersect each other.  It is also at this point where lines parallel to the picture plane disappear.   

 Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne is an organization centered on promoting Parisian high fashion.  The organization is involved with press relations, defending copyrights, operating vocational schools and arranges collections of work.  It was founded in 1910.  

Chan is an honorific term used in anime that signifies a level of closeness or affection for a particular person (usually a female).  The term may also be used in relation to a pet or a child. 

This is a form of italic script that scribes of the papal Chancery in Renaissance Italy used to do their work.  Chancery cursive is also known as cancellaresca.

A black bag with two compartments that contains elasticized arm holes on each side and a zipper on an end.  The bag was designed to load film into magazines. 

A subtly flavored fleshy mushroom.

Character is a typographic term used to describe items frequently used in typesetting, such as symbols, punctuation marks, or letters.  The term may also refer to Japanese or Chinese ideogram.

Wood that has been burned and compressed; it is a tool used to create drawings.  Charcoal is a versatile drawing medium; numerous types of marks can be made.  It comes in a few varieties, including soft or hard sticks. 

 

A beet that is red, white or pink in its midrib.  Chard has an unusual acid-sweet flavor.

Similar to a zucchini or summer squash.  They have a long shelf-life and need to be treated gently.  They may be cooked like a summer squash. 

A term referring to a technique used in creating films that involves altering perspectives and angles to create a better composition for shots other than the original shot taken of a scene.  Frequently the method is employed to hide either props or actors not in the correct position.  Something can be cheated “into” a shot or “out of” a shot. 

A print created from an optical or inter-negative that is used to double-check the quality of an effect. 

A cotton gauze that retains its fibers when wet and does not add flavor to the food it covers.  It is used to strain liquids and remove small particles.

A style of dress worn by Marie-Antoinette, queen of Louis XVI of France during the 1780s.  The style originated from the chemise dress.

The chemise dress is a muslin dress originating from the Empire period.  It was designed with a slim skirt and high waistline and was worn without a corset. 

A durable fabric with a luxurious feel often used in rooms for upholstering furniture. 

It may also reference a velvety, soft, tufty cord or yarn.  It can also be used for items such as embroidery purposes or on carpet edges for fringe embellishments.

Also known as custard apple.  A fruit that originates from America.  It contains a white interior and a greenish-brown exterior.  It is sweet in flavor and contains watermelonish seeds.

A modeling effect in fine art painting in which strong contrast between dark and light values is used, lending a three-dimensional appearance. 

Chibi in Japan signifies little or small and has the negative connotation of being translated as “puny.”  Anime American watchers usually understand the word to signify that a character is very deformed, tiny or cute. 

China silk is a type of lightweight plain-weave shiny silk created in either Japan or China. 

Cholesterol is a compound that plays an essential structural part in cell membranes; it is a precursor in the making of steroid hormones.  The liver synthesizes cholesterol, but it is gathered into the body by consuming animal products.  Among the many things that can raise one’s unhealthy cholesterol levels, table salt is a major factor. 

The distance between two points located on a curve; the measure of the distance circling the curve is longer than the chordal distance 

A pastry that when baked is fluffy and frequently filled with a creamy substance.  It is made out of butter, water and flour that is cooked on top of the stove before the dough is shaped and baked.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition of intense, long-term lethargy and tiredness that is not assuaged by sleep, relaxation or rest.  It is often associated with autoimmune diseases and may be a sign of vitamin deficiency, such as iron or vitamin D.  Eating probiotic foods such as homemade fermented sauerkraut, yogurt and kefir can have a large impact of those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome because the good bacteria in these foods fight bad bacteria, boost the immune system and result in higher energy levels. 

A tasty jam that has a range of textures and flavorings.  It is served with foods that have a strong taste.

A kind of vinegar produced from fermented apple cider.

Also known as Chinese parsley.  Cilantro comes from the coriander plant's leaves.

The term refers to tiny vertical scratches on film rolls that occur from when a film’s end is pulled to make the roll taunt.  Dust currently on the film will make a tiny scratch.  Cinching may happen if there is excessive drag on the supply during the rewinding process. 

 

A type of sweet and hot spice.  It originates from the bark of tropical evergreen trees.  Cinnamon sticks are frequently ground to make cinnamon powder.

A kind of lighting fixture used in films that is made to hold a screw-in light bulb; sometimes it also contains an aluminum reflector dish.  The light is mounted with a spring clamp on one side of an open door. 

Two sticks struck against each other to signify a sync sound take.  Also known as the Slate or Clap Board.

A of style of artwork referring to ancient Roman or Greek architexture and art.  Most of the artwork focuses upon symmetry and geometry, as opposed to freedom of personal expression. 

A drawing completed by using other unfinished animation drawings.  Cels care made from the rough animated drawings.   

Similar to a small kitchen ax.  It is frequently used in Chinese cooking.

A cloche is a hat worn in the 1920s.  The name is derived from the French word for “bell,” because of the deep-crown shape of the hat.

A type of mushroom that contains a woodsy flavor.  It is brownish-black in color and can be found in Asian markets. 

A type of spice that is intense and sweet.  It comes in both whole and powdered form.

CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black).  It is a color system that is used by printers to put each color on a separate printing plate in order to create a final full color image.  It is also known as “four color printing.”  It should be noted that the majority of giclee printers print to an inkjet printer in RGB.  This is because there exists a superior color gamut, and images are captured in RGB by scanners. 

 

A kind of magazine that contains two compartments placed right next to each other.  They contain the supply and take up rolls that are mounted on the same axle on each of its ends. 

A molecule of more than one kind of structural unit. 

A rosette created with pleated ribbon.  It was used originally for military insignia. 

A term referring to the puckering that happens on papers after washes if they are not stretched correctly or if they are not very strong.    

A powder that originates from the cocoa bean.  It is used frequently in baked foods and is the essential ingredient in the popular drink hot chocolate.

A fruit originating from the coconut palm.  A firm brown hair shell is encompassed by a husk.  Under the shell resides the coconut meat that stores the sweet milky juice.  Coconut may be purchased as flakes, as a whole coconut or in shredded pieces.

A mixture made from mixing shredded coconut meat with hot water.  The mixture is simmered until it becomes foamy.  The liquid is then strained from the meat.  The result is coconut milk.

A type of mild-flavored white fish.  It is very flaky and may be substituted for hake, pollock and haddock. 

Numbers that are ink-on that are frequently placed on a mag track or workprint after syncing.  They allow for the correct alignment of sound and picture during the editing process.  Sometimes they are also used for general assembling of the film footage.  They are often confused with Latent Edge Numbers.

A brandy made in western France in and around the town of Cognac.

A hand-building technique employed to create pots.  Clay plastic "snakes" are formed, pushed and pinched to combine them into a pot. Sometimes the artist leaves the coil appearance to achieve a particular affect.  Ceramics created with coil building depend largely on the artist's hand to create the object's form vs. using a potters wheel or mold.  The coils themselves may be defined or smooth based upon the texture of the object or the intent of the artist.   

A natural matting that is very durable.  It is created from the exterior husks of coconuts.  Most of them originate from Kerala, India.

Collage refers to adhering two-dimensional objects to an image's surface.  Collage should not be confused with assemblage. 

Collagen is an insoluble fibrous protein that is the foundation of healthy cartilage, tendons, cartilage, skin and other connective tissue.  There are over 15 types of collagen that are the building blocks of the human body.  It is the most abundant protein in the body.  As one ages, the creation of collagen in the body slows down, resulting in joint stiffness, a reduction in ligament and tendon elasticity and thin, weak skin.  Eating fermented foods that contain probiotics such as homemade yogurt, kefir and sauerkraut plays an important role in influencing the health of collagen in the body.  For example, eating probiotic foods influences the health of skin due to the impact of good bacteria on systemic inflammation throughout the body, tissue lipid content and glycemic control.  Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and rosacea are all skin conditions that can be helped by eating probiotic foods.

The CAA's Professional Development Fellowship offers grants of $5,000 for students to use for an MFA program. CAA helps find work for the student in year two, as well as awarding a $10,000 subsidy to the employer as part of students' income.

The colon is the area of the large intestines that reaches from the end of the small intestines to the rectum.  Its function is to clear away water from food that is been digested after it travels through the small intestine and holds the leftover stool until it is passed from the body.  Eating fermented foods plays a large role in keeping the colon healthy, because good bacteria in these foods fights bad bacteria from overpopulating the colon which can then result in disease and other health conditions.

Chemists work with pigments to test their characteristics, and they use the knowledge they glean from this in order to create paints from colorants.  William Henry Perkin discovered aniline dyes created from coal tar in 1856.  And since then many improvements have been made in regard to performance and quality of artists’ pigments.  Synthetic pigments are available today that provide greater safety in their use, as well as strength and beauty not always available in natural pigments (some of which fade over time).  Scientists have been able to restore and save paintings from hundreds of years ago because of their knowledge of pigment permanence. 

Color correction is the altering of shades, hues, channels, contrast and amounts of separate colors prior to printing in order to prevent any color casts and balancing problems that may result from the scanned image or original.
 
 

Color field painting is a technique of painting started in the 1950’s – 1970’s.  It involves either big or small regions of abstracted color.  Well-known color field painters include Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski and Mark Rothko.

Unlike the “Rembrandt effect” that some painters seek to create for harmony’s sake that had once been developed from time, dirt, and varnish on old master works – a preferred if not true color harmony in an art piece is one that reflects how that singular source of sunshine can wash over an outdoor scene of whatever colors – and yet allow for a united tone of reflected light and values. Achieving color harmony can give that assuring sense that all parts of a painting are from the same day – and moment. 

Color management is a process of controlling the output and input devices regarding how they understand the hues they are utilizing.  Frequently this is completed in a software that manipulates images (like Photoshop) prior to printing; RIP software contains color profiles that are designed to pair colors together when printing occurs on various colors of paper.  The term “proofing” refers to the process of working to get a file to the appropriate stage. 

An animation cel made to ensure correct coloration.  Also known as a color test.

Color perception is the color that we see when we view an object or scene.  Color perception can be influenced by a number of factors, such as color blindness, the inability to observe without preconceived notions, and the quality of light that one is seeing an object/scene in.  There are many theories about color perception.  There even exists a school in California dedicated solely to the art of seeing color!  When one simply “observes” something without the input of any preconceived notions, a better color perception occurs.  Becoming aware of color and trying to perceive color accurately is a skill that takes much time and effort to acquire.  Painters especially practice the art of perceiving color in order to paint objects as they are. 

Color spacing is the placement of spaces to areas of words that are congested in order to improve the sense of balance after the line is set normally.

A strong coloring agent that permeates a surface.

Color symbolism refers to the meaning associated with that of a certain color.  Each color may have several different color symbolisms attached to it depending on the context and culture it is used in.  (For example, white in some cultures symbolizes purity.  In other cultures, it symbolizes death.)  There are a number of influential factors that affect the symbolism of a color.  These influences include the following:
1. The different shades of a color (like red and pink).

2. The object or shape the color is contained within.

3. The position and amount of the color in an area.

4. The color combination used (such as red, white and blue, or red and green).

When color is used in a large region or shape, it can have a strong impact in its symbolism. Moreover, when a color is used along with a certain shape – such as a star, triangle, or hexagon – the symbolism of the color becomes more complex.  

One example of the use of color symbolism is the common use of the color black to symbolize one is in a state of mourning.  
 

The amount of color in light.  Film footage is far more sensitive to changes in color temperature than the human eye is.  The scientist Lord Kelvin created the scale that color temperature in film is measure by.

Another name for the Timer of a video transfer.

a drawing pencil with fillers and wax sans pigment whose purpose is to permit burnishing without introducing additional color. 

A water-based colored translucent glaze spread over a surface to give a certain effect.

A column gutter is the space lying between the type columns.

A painting technique that involves scrapping the teeth of a comb through a surface glaze in order to uncover the surface beneath it.

A commission is an original piece of artwork completed by an artist as requested by a client.

Compères - two cloth panels used in during the middle of the eighteenth century for women’s open robes.  The panels were joined to the inside front bodice and positioned with buttons or hooks.  They were an improvement in functionality from the stomacher (it needed to be pinned to the dress every time it was put on).

The organization of the art elements in a drawing or painting.  These art elements include shape, color, movement, line, tone, color, edges and perspective. 

A comprehensive layout is the publication’s blueprint; it displays how the type will be set and placed; it also shows the sizing, position of the illustrations on the page, and the treatment to be used.

Curving inwards.  Hollow. 

Conception refers to the initial development of an artist’s idea.  It involves the start of a creative idea that is refined aesthetically through careful visualization and the solving problems that come up.  As the idea is developed, the execution of the idea begins.  The method of how to carry out the idea, as well as the use of materials to be used determines how the conception is realized.  Usually artists that follow the traditional genre are more concerned with the techniques of how to make their artwork come about.  Contemporary artists, for the most part, frequently put more time and effort towards the initial idea and what they wish to “say” to the viewer. 

A type of art in which the concept or idea of the work is the essential element regarding the overall message and assessment of the work.  It is the idea behind the work that is considered important, and all the planning and decisions regarding the work stem from the initial idea.  Marcel Duchamp, a French artist, is credited with showing conceptualists examples of conceptual works, such as his piece called, "Fountain" in 1917. 

Condensed font is a font that involves the set-widths of the characters being narrower in comparison to the normal typeface. 

A term describing a type of bone convex form, a condyle is a knobby shape that is in front of the body’s joints.

The cone of vision is the visual region displayed by a drawing that relates to a person’s normal vision without his/her peripheral vision.  In a nutshell, the cone of vision is the area of sight – or the angle of sight.  For example, if a person wanted to see the entire theatre stage, usually a cone of vision is 60 degrees is required, so a person would need to sit far enough back to achieve this degree of vision.  

Confection is a French word for the affordable, mass-produced clothing that started during the middle of the nineteenth century.

A term referring to the various versions of a film made during the editing process.  Usually dates are used to organize them.  They are used on large production films to ensure that all the various editing departments are each using the correct conformation. 

A term referring to a negative cutter’s pairing of a workprint to the original.

1915-1940s
Germany was the main location of the activity stemming from the Constructivism movement that developed from the Russian avant-garde; however the movement also developed in other areas such as the United States and Paris.  The movement was dedicated to abstraction and devotion to modernity.  The art produced from the movement was non-emotional and often experimental in nature.  The artwork was often boiled down to basic elements in order to create order in art which its members thought would lead to greater peace and unity throughout the world. Ben Nicholson, Naum Gabo, Antoine Pevsner, and El Lissitzky are examples of artists that promoted the development and expansion of the movement.

A way in which a lab replicates film.  The print is created on a Contact Printer machine; the unexposed print stock and original film are attached together.  As one emulsion is pressed against the other’s emulsion, they are sped by a light radiating through the original which then exposes the print stock with the same picture.   There are a few kinds of contact prints, including answer prints, release prints, and workprints.  In addition to contact printing, there exists optical printing which involves either creating a reduction print or making a blow up.

Content in artwork corresponds to the subject matter and the significance of that subject matter in a piece of artwork.

Going smoothly from one shot of detail to another shot in a film scene using physical elements rather than choices in coverage.  It can be done in a number of ways, including through the position of props, through lighting choices, through actor’s costumers or through the actors themselves.

A continuous line drawing is a type of drawing that includes continuous contact with the surface of a picture plane that makes enclosed forms and shapes. 

Continuous tone refers to pieces of art that include variations of gray (versus black and white line art).  Drawings and photographs sometimes need treatment as continuous tone art pieces. 

Contour in art refers to the outside edges, as well as the defined enclosed edges, of a person, object or mass.

Convergence in a drawing or painting refers to linear perspective.  In linear perspective, all lines that are parallel converge together as they run along to a point at a person’s eye level (also known as the horizon line) in the picture place.  This phenomena is known as “convergence.”

Curving outwards.  Protruding out.   

Another term for cookie or gobo.

A flat board filled with holes that makes shadow patterns if placed in front of a light.

A hard resin that is put into painting mediums and varnishes. 

Copy refers to text used in things such as word-processing files or typewritten pages.   The term may also refer to the graphics and text in a publication. 

Copyfitting is the layout of a certain section of copy in a particular set amount of space.

Part of the upper arm, the coracobrachialis includes the coracoid process of scapula.  It is located at the mid-point on the medial side of the humerus.  The Coracobrachilis is responsible for adducting the upper arm and bringing it forward.

A hub made of plastic that functions as a means to hold film minus the reel.  It comes in different sizes.  Small cores are 2 inches and large cores are 3 inches.  A 2 inch core is often referred to as a camera core.

Cork is taken from the bark of the evergreen cork tree.  To prepare cork, the bark of the tree is first granulated, and then combined with resins.  It is then pressed and baked into sheet form or tile.  Most of the world's cork comes from Portugal.

Crossing braces inserted into studs to strengthen corners of the structure of frames.

Another word for a timed print.

Alterations made during the timing of a print.

A corset is a fitted inner bodice stiffened with wood, metal or whalebone that was positioned with lacing. The actual term “corset” was used later after the invention had been around for some time.  Until then, the corset was referred to as an undergarment (called stays in English). 

In anime, cosplay is a term that is shorthand for “costume play.”  The term originated from the custom of anime watchers to put on the outfits of anime characters and playing out scenes from anime films.  Cosplay is a big part of the anime conventions that happen all over the world. 
 
 

Costume jewelry is jewelry created from imitation stones or gemstones that look like precious stones.  Costume jewelry became popular when Gabrielle Chanel displayed imitation jewels during the 1920s.  The idea gradually grew so that costume jewelry became an indispensable accessory.

In calligraphy, the counter is the space inside a letter (often it is white in color); it is the region enclosed in a letter in numeric letterforms, lowercase, and uppercase.  

In calligraphy, a counter space is a space within a letter.

A firm, long-lasting linen or cotton that contains a herringbone twill weave.  Coutil is used for undergarments. 

A term used to explain the structure of breaking down a script into the many shots that permit a scene to be cut together.  Coverage covers the way in which the scenes will work together cohesively.  However, it does not cover the ways in which each scene will be shot in an aesthetic manner that is appropriate in order for the scenes to work together. 

A type of traditional glaze that involves layering water-based and oil-based paints that dry at different time intervals.  The term also refers to pushing a color onto the top layer of varnish; this technique creates thin cracks over the paint application's surface. 

Cranberries are a fruit with a hard texture and tart taste.  They are cooked and then sliced or pounded to make relishes.  Cranberries rhave an excellent storage reputation - they retain their shape and flavor for several weeks when refrigerated or frozen.

A off-white bean with reddish streaks.  Their flavor is rather nutty and they often replace white or red beans in dishes.

A cravat is a tie or neckcloth.  This was the first men’s neckwear used in the 1660s.  Over time, the cravat became the modern necktie of today. 

Crayon art is artwork made or created with crayon wax.  There are several varieties of crayons - including conte crayon and wax crayon.  Example of crayon artwork can be seen from artwork individuals do as children.  Some artists use crayons professionally to make fine art.  Tiona Marco is one such artist.  She creates realistic artwork using crayola crayons.

A dairy product that is sweetened with sugar and whipped up to create a nice addition to a dessert.

The mix an ingredient rapidly in order to soften it and ensure it is well blended.

A spreadable and creamy cheese that is popular in many dips and frostings and many other recipes. 

A white powder containing a high acidic level that can be made into baking powder.

A domesticated brown mushroom with a nice mild flavor. 

Thin French pancakes that are often filled with sweet additions.  Crepe batter is best made a couple hours before frying in order for the batter to develop its ideal consistency. 

A term describing a type of bone convex form, a crest is an edge similar to the edge of a cliff.

A petticoat designed in order to create skirts of fantastic volume popular during the middle of the nineteenth century.  The term crinoline is the word for petticoat made of woven fabric from horsehair (crin) and linen (lin).  The cage frame crinoline originated in the 1850s from whalebones/steel hoops. 

A label attached to a film can once it is turned into a lab if the roll ended during an essential shot of a scene.  It is a precautionary label that lets the lab know to make sure to go to the very last frame in the footage.

Crohn’s disease is a type of autoimmune disease that may manifest itself anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract.  Symptoms of Crohn’s disease include on-going diarrhea, night sweats, weight loss, fever, constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, abnormal menstrual bleeding, fever, rectal bleeding, fatigue, lethargy and loss of appetite.  Those suffering from Crohn’s disease are frequently helped by the daily consumption of lacto-fermented foods such as homemade yogurt, homemade kefir and sauerkraut due to the beneficial good bacteria in these food items.  The good bacteria accomplishes a wide variety of functions, including fighting bad bacteria in the intestines, and creating an environment not compatible with pathogenic survival. 

Crop marks show the edge of a printed piece on vertical, horizontal and mechanical lines. 

Cropping is used in pieces of art in order to remove extra parts of an image; cropping is frequently used in photography.

A kind of hamburger created from ingredients that do not include ground meat.  It is not important to bread it before cooking.

In calligraphy, the cross bar is the horizontal stroke that creates the section of a letter.  For example, the letter H contains a cross bar.

Cross contour lines are parallel lines that curve over an object’s surface in a vertical or horizontal manner (or both) and reveal the item’s surface characteristics.  Cross contour lines are similar to wire framing used in 3D design. 

Cross-hatching is a drawing method that is used to shade an object or figure; the method utilizes a series of criss-crossing lines that are built up progressively into more complicated tones.  Several varieties of cross-hatching may be used but most commonly for developing shadow and depth.

Also known as a “cross mod.”  It is a test the mixing house does along with a lab to ensure the optical track is properly exposed and developed; the test is done to make sure there is the best sound quality possible. 

A method frequently used by still photographers that involves color reversal film stock that is developed as a negative.  If a positive print is struck from this negative, unique vivid colors will result.

Sets of closely aligned parallel lines that crisscross at angles to each other.  Crosshatching is used to create tone and to model forms. 

Pieces or slices of bread that are dried in the oven.  They may include seasonings or simply be plain.  They are popular as toppings on salads.

A method of recording sync sound; it involves running a camera at an appropriate speed using a quartz crystal run motor (the quartz is similar to the one inserted into a quartz watch).  A tape recorder records its pilottone through the use of an internal quartz crystal pilottone generator.

Ginger that has been cooked in a sugary syrup and then covered in coarse sugar. 

1908-1914
Cubism emerged in the year of 1907 in the city of Paris through the efforts of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.  The movement embraced the idea of viewing objects in a new way: by breaking down subject matter and redefining it through multiple points of view at the same time.  The popularity of the movement grew as artists saught to find a new way to represent reality.  The first phase of the movement known as the Analytic phase tried to recreate objects as how the mind saw them – as opposed to the eyes.  The second phase, titled the Synthetic phase, sought to recreate objects in simple forms and brighter colors.  Key artists that continued to develop the ideas of Cubism include: Robert Delaunay, Francis Picabia, Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp and Fernand Léger.
 

A guide for the mixer to follow in order to find the sounds on the tracks during the mix.  Cue sheets are organized as a grid; every track creates a column and time following rows that are measured in 35mm film footage.  If the footage is 16mm, one needs to change the footage to 35mm. 

A spice that contains a rather bitter taste and intense aroma.  It is common in many items such as stews and curries.

Cuneiform is the first systematic form of writing.  The name originally comes from the wedge-shaped strokes created as one inscribes on soft clay.  In Latin, the word cuneus means wedge.

Curing involves a variety of food preservation and flavoring methods made possible by creating a mixture of sugar, nitrates, nitrate and/or salt.  A number of curing methods include cooking, smoking and flavoring.  Dehydrating food was one of the first methods of curing. 

Little grape-like berries that may be black, white or red in their raw form.  The ingredient "dried currants" recipes often call for are actually dried zante grape.  Raisins may be substituted for dried currants but moisture should be added to the recipe if this is done because raisins absorb moisture. 

A combination of not more then twenty spices.  Curry powder is best used right away because it loses its intensity quickly.  It is often used in many Indian dishes.

Cursive is a form of handwriting that involves fast and informal writing.  The letters are quickly made and they are joined together.  A writing utensil does not lose contact with the paper when one writes in cursive. 

A perspective view in which straight lines appear to be curved.  Close-up and wide angle views commonly relate to the perspective. 

An new animation background made for the express purpose of embellishing a particular animation cel.

A phrase used by a director to signify the end of the filming of a shot.  The term cut 1 also refers to shots at the frame-line or place where the shots are separated.  The term may also refer to final work of editing a film that is known as “the edit” or “the cut.”

A type of shot that cuts away from action going on to focus on something else – like a landscape or a detail of something.  Used appropriately with logic in mind, it can be a useful shot to help the film editor in a difficult break in coverage or continuity. 

Cutlines are the description text that gives illustration information.  They are also referred to as legends or captions.  The term “title-captions” is often mistakenly used for cutlines; title-captions are illustration headings that are included as part of the piece of art.

Cytokines are tiny protein molecules that are secreted by many cells and fit under the group of signaling molecules that are widely used in cellular communication.