A dish originating from the Middle East that includes a combination of tahini, lemon juice, garlic, eggplant, and olive oil.  It functions as a dip or spread and may be garnished with mint and pomegranate seeds.

A type of dress that contains short puffed sleeves and a waistline that is not defined.  The term was taken from the film Baby Doll from 1956. 

Back burning occurs in burners when the movement of fuel or air leaving the end of the burner is not going as fast than combustion.  This causes the flame to transition down the burner tube to heat the orifice.  And this in turn causes an orange smoky flame and a burner tube that is too hot.

A piece of material joined to the waist or shoulder to add an elegant extension over the back to the ground. Some back drapes can be removed.

Back-pressure occurs in a fuel kiln due to internal pressure; the internal pressure is due from a correct balance of damper setting and combustion pressure.  The end result of back-pressure is a quicker and cheaper heat system.

A tailored section of material placed at the shoulder of clothing or at a skirt's top.  

Panels made from fiberglass or cement that are used as the foundation for mosaic work when water-resistant, underlayment is required.

The background is the space in a piece of artwork that functions as a means to support and enhance the main subject matter of the piece.  It surrounds the objects in the piece and may include actual objects and people, or simply be empty negative space.  

The stitching that is sewn underneath a main motif.

A backlight is a source of light that is placed behind a person/object in order to cause a division between the person/object from the background of the artwork.  Sometimes this division is a silhouette.

The process of rewinding the film in a camera in order to create the shot for double exposure.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can survive either apart from other organisms,  dependently on other organisms or working together with other organisms.  When depending upon another organism for its survival, the parasitic bacteria may cause harm.

A bag wall is a refractory wall that in a few fuel-burning kilns shields the wares from direct contact with the flames and heat.

A long loaf of French bread that is known for its crunchy exterior crust and soft interior. 

A bailatino is a combination of Latin dances; in these dances, no partner is required.

Baion refers to a kind of Samba rhythm from Brazil that is slow; during the 1950’s the Baion became popular. 

In anime, baka is a term that may be heard when one watches a sub-titled anime film.  It translates to “idiot,” “stupid,” or “fool.”

To make food inside an oven; cooking with the use of free-circulating dry heat.  The term "baking" is usually reserved for desserts and breads.  Food is known to be "roasted" at increased temperatures which lends a new dimension to the flavor.

A high starch, low moisture potato from Idaho that showcases a hardy rough skin.  French fries and excellent mashed potatoes are two examples of foods made from Idaho potatoes.

A type of baking soda that is a double-action leavener.  It becomes chemically active when combined with a liquid and then heated. One can make baking powder be combining baking soda and cream of tartar. 

Sheets of metal used for baking.  Ideal baking sheets are insulated and thick.   Some sheets are non-stick, meaning that they do not require shortening or butter to grease it before food is placed upon it.

Sodium bicarbonate.  Pastries that include acid are ideal for baking soda because it is a good leavener when stimulated by acid. When no acid is present in one's recipe, baking powder is best added instead of baking soda because it contains acid.

In dance, balance is a step that shifts from one foot to another (often in ¾ time).

Balance refers to the skill of a dancer maintaining his/her body in an upright and steady position.  Balance may occur either when the dancer is still or when the dancer is moving.

A stripe that stops warping from developing; it is used on 35mm strip mag stock as well as super-8 sound film.

Balboa refers to a type of Swing that became trendy in California during the 1950’s. 

Ball clay involves deposits of secondary clays that are found in marshy regions.  Ball clay is characterized by high plasticity, a high level of drying shrinkage, a high level of organic contaminates and particles that are very fine and tiny.  Ball clay should be fired off-white or white.

A full skirt that starts at the waist and flows into a formal length. They come in various designs. 

Ball mill is a type of vessel that revolves mechanically; ceramic materials may be positioned with water, as well as high-fired porcelain slugs or flint pebbles.  Ball mill is utilized for grinding glaze and clay materials into small particles.

The term ballerina refers to a female dancer.  The female that plays the leading role in a dance is referred to as the prima ballerina.

A low neckline.  Dresses that often feature this kneckline include strapless or spaghetti strapped dresses.

Ballet consists of classical theatrical dancing derived from the danse d'ecole.  Ballet’s structure and vocabulary were set during the 1700s in France. 

Ballet blanc refers to a ballet that involves women clothed in white tutus (as seen in the 2nd and 4th acts of Swan Lake).

Ballet d'action usually refers to a ballet consisting of a tragic plot.

Ballet de cour, le (court ballet) refers to either mythological or allegorical themes played out for entertainment by the aristocracy during the 16th and 17th centuries.  The spectacles involve a mixture of mime, recitatives and music.

Ballo refers to dances and the accompanying music originating in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries. 

Ballon refers to the skill of a dancer that involves maintaining a suspended position in the air throughout a jump; the term may also refer to one’s elasticity while jumping.

Ballroom dances refers to social dances.  Often ballroom dances are done by partners.  Examples of ballroom dances include the mambo, samba, cha cha, fox-trot, waltz, tango and the rumba.

A type of grass that takes on the characteristics of wood over an extended amount of time.

The bambuca is the national dance of Colombia, South America.

Amyl acetate is a lacquer solvent that exudes a potent scent smelling of bananas - and hence is often referred to as babana oil.  A lacquer diluent called amyl alcohol, exudes a smell similar to amyl acetate but it is not as strong.  Amyl acetate can cause health problems; it can for example, irritate the nose, throat and eyes.  

A bandeau (or tube top) is a circular band that is used to cover a woman’s breasts.

Banding consists of patterns on a print due to a lack of color or gray-scale ranges in the output device’s image processor.  Banding may also be caused by a lack of information in the original scan.  Banding causes crisp changes between varying ranges.

A banding wheel is a type of wheel that is operated by hand.  The turn-table is capable of doing such things as creating banded decorations and applying wax resist.

A bank kiln is a type of kiln originating from the East Asian kiln.  It involves a tubular kiln chamber that was taken from an earthen bank.  It is a type of kiln that originated before the tube kiln and anagama.

A banner is the title of a periodical; this is displayed on the front of a magazine as well as on the first page of a newsletter.  A banner includes the publication’s name, volume, date, number and serial info.

An indoor garment worn by men in England during the 1600s and 1700s. The garment was first worn in Inida by the Hindi.

A bar printer is simply another word used for an inkjet printer.

A clothing style popularized in the 1970s that exposes the body from the waist or hips to the rip cage under the bust.

Barn dances originated during the colonial times in the United States; the dances were created from the dance movements of England’s country dances.  Barn dances were danced in the barns and halls of the colonials in order to socialize with one’s neighbors.

A type of blinder used on either side of a light in order to prevent light from radiating in several different directions.  Frequently gloves are worn to adjust them because of the heat generated from them.

A cozy wrapped around a camera in order to lessen the amount of camera noise; they are not much help on cameras that are very noisy to begin with, but they can be handy on decent cameras that need just a little help in reducing their noise.  The term stems from blankets used to warm horses.

The Baroque movement began around 1600 in Europe as a result of the formulaic Mannerist style that permeated art during the late Renaissance time period. Baroque art leaned more towards realism and the emotions, and was more simplistic than Mannerist artwork.  A big proponent of the style was the Catholic Church, as it was a major patron of art during that time period.  Key artists of the movement included Gianlorenzo Bernini, Annibale Carracci, and Caravaggio.  Over time, Baroque art was replaced by the Rococo style. 

 

A barre refers to a wooden bar extending around a ballet studio’s wall positioned at waist height.  An individual uses the barre in order to fix or adjust his/her balance often during the first part of class.

A barrel arch is a type of kiln arch that creates a half circle that includes the start and finish of the arch on a horizontal surface.  No skew bricks are used in a barrel arch.

A barrida is a sweep in dance.

In dance, bas, en refers to “low” (such as the position of one’s arms).

Basalt body is clay body that contains a sufficient amount of dark clays and/or metallic oxides in order to fire it black or dark brown.

A translucent strip that is perforated; emulsion is adhered onto the base.  Both items make up a piece of film.

A base (also called plinth) is the item that a sculpture is mounted, attached or fixed upon; it should not be confused with a pedestal, because a base is positioned between a pedestal and the sculpture. 

The first paint application layer on a surface.  It is applied prior to decorative paint finishes.

Also known as the writing line, this is the level that a line of writing rests.  The base line lends a fixed reference for the various heights of letters and the drop of the descenders.

The base tone is the darkest value on an object or person.  The base tone is the area on an object or person that the light source can not reach.

A baseline is the imaginary horizontal line that the majority of the letters reside.  To lend a sense of optical balance, letters that are rounded slightly go under the baseline. 

Bases involve the fluxes or melting agents that mix with neutrals and acids.

A basic movement refers to a constant figure characteristic in dance.

color systems 

A Baso valve is a safety valve.  It is used along with a thermocouple sensor probe on the majority of gas kilns.  Baso valves work on a very small amount of electrical current that is made by thermocouple.  No external electrical hookups are usually necessary when one uses a natural-draft kiln that uses a Baso system. In operation, if the pilot is turned off, the thermocouple will cool down and the Baso valve will close – shutting off the gas.

Basque waist/V-waist - This dropped waist starts at or just below the natural waistline, and dips in the center creating a "V" shape.

Basse danse is a serious court dance that is performed in duple time.  It was a dance that was common during the 15th and 16th centuries. 

The method of joining the quilting layers with safety pins.

The method of joining fabric layers together with long hand stitches to prevent shifting.

A bat is a firm flat disc of wood, plaster, or plastic that is positioned on the wheel-head.  After the throw is done, the bat is taken off the wheel-head in order to prevent any damage.

A BAT is the proof an artist uses to compare any prints created at a later date.  Often a signed BAT is required prior to any future printing being done.

A bateau (or boat) neck is a wide, long neckline that follows along across the back and front of a garment and joins at the shoulders.  The depth in the back and the front is the same.

A design, architecture and art school begun in 1919 in Germany.  Its style centered around geometric efficient design and a stress on the significance of the materials used in the art created.  Walter Gropius was the catalyst of the movment; he was made the head of two art schools in Weimar which he combined to create the Bauhaus.  The school focused on teaching practical craftsmanship and creating good designs that had the potential to be mass-produced.  The school moved a couple of times; in 1933 the school was shutdown by the Nazis.  The school continues to play an influential role in art today, whether it be typography, weaving, furniture or architecture.  Key figures from the school include Marcel Breuer, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Wassily Kandinsky, and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy.

A kind of lens mount that is often paired with heavy lenses.  They can be joined to a camera without the use of any locking.  They can come in handy when a quick change of a lense is called for – as opposed to a screw-mount lense which takes longer to take on and off.

A full-length trouser ensemble worn between the 1920’s and 1930’s by women as sportswear. 

Beading glaze is a particular controlled-crawl glaze that was created in order to crack and then crawl under the firing process.  The effect is caused from the high amount of L.O.I in the glaze materials.  The beads are then formed when melting causes isolated beads to develop on the wares’ surfaces.

A kind of condiment made out of soybeans; it plays an important role in stir-fry dishes.  It is accessible at Asian grocery stores and is frequently found in many supermarkets.  "Ground bean sauce" is saltier than its counterpart "whole bean sauce."

Sprouts that are edible and come from all kinds of beans and seeds.  Examples of bean sprouts include alfalfa, lentil, and radish sprouts.  Sprouts keep best in ventilated containers kept in a refrigerator.

The action of mixing ingredients together quickly and firmly in order to blend them.

A French white sauce.  It is created out of milk, butter, and flour whose combination is blended over low heat and slowly cooked. 

A type of cut of meat that is boneless and tender that originates from the tenderloin.  Sauteing and grilling are the best ways to cook a beef fillet.

A root vegetable.  Its greens should be removed when storing the vegetable to ensure freshness.  Beets come in a variety of sizes and is available year-round.

Beguine refers to a particular type of Rumba that is thought to have originated in either Cuba or Martinique.

A bell kiln is a type of kiln that contains a non-movable floor along with a body that can be lifted upward on vertical tracks.  A bell kiln permits one to easily load and remove big objects.

Bell peppers that are bright green contain a sharp flavor.  If a green pepper is allowed to ripen one or two weeks more, it will turn into an orange, yellow or red pepper and showcase a much milder taste.  Also known as sweet peppers.

Something is termed “benign” to infer it is not harmful.  Benign cancer is cancer that is not or is no longer harmful to the body. 

In anime, bento refers to a standard Japanese boxed lunch.

Bentonite is a type of clay that is created from airborne volcanic ash.  The clay must be combined with another type of clay due to its shrinkage being very high.  It is characterized by very fine particles and is very plastic.  If one adds 2-3% to clay it will raise the level of plasticity.  Bentonite is combined with a glaze in order to maintain suspension and enhance the raw glaze adhesion.

A sweet and rather large onion that originates from Bermuda.  It is ideal for sandwiches and salads because of its sweet taste.  Shelf life less than other onions.

A big cape-like collar worn by women that was first worn in the 1800s to cover their neckline.

Besom Pockets are pockets that are placed inside a garment; a person accesses the pocket through the use of a welted opening. 

A well-chosen selection of pairing a timing light with most of the footage of a film by the timer.

One can give an image a raised appearance by the addition of a beveled effect; highlight and shadow colors are applied to the interior and exterior edges of the image.

Curving segments of lines made by anchor or end points, with a minimum of one node or transient point.  The term was so named after a French engineer whose name was Pierre Beziér.

A bias cut is a cut that is done diagonally across a fabric’s grain.  Bias cuts are usually used to make garments designed to shape closely to the body’s curves.  A woman named Madeleine Vionnet was especially well-known for bias-cut dresses. 

Part of the upper arm, the biceps include two points on the deep anterior, superior part of the scapula. Each of the two points is for a particular head.  These points involve the glenoid fossa and the coracoid process.    The biceps are located at the anterior surface of the radius below the head.  They are responsible for bending the arm at the elbow and turning the forearm palm-up.

Part of the hip and thigh section of the body, the biceps femoris includes    the long head that extends from the ischial tuberosity. The short head comes from a line on the back of the femur that is positioned underneath the long head.  It is located at head of the fibula.    The biceps femoris is responsible for pulling the thigh backwards and bending the leg at the knee.

A crescent-shaped hat worn by men during the Napoleonic period.  This hat was a favorite of Napoleon 1, and worn by the Incroyables as a substitute for the tricorne.

A bike tard is a one-piece garment that extends from the hem of the shorts to the top of a figure’s torso

A stable adhesive liquid element in paint that joins pigment particles and the paint film together to keep the overall state of the paint in place. 

The amount of degree and the speed at which a given compound attains systemic circulation and is brought to the targeted tissue of the body.

An attribute referring to organic shapes made from natural or biological forms.  The artists Calder, Arp and Miro used biomorphic attributes in their artwork.

Formations of waves and circles on wood that appear to be a bird's eye. 

A type of crunchy Italian cookie.  The dough is baked twice.  The first time the dough is baked in a log form.  It is then sliced and baked a second time. 

A Japanese term that means “pretty boy.”

A Japanese term that means “pretty girl.”

A type of gourmet soup made out of cream and pureed seafood. 

Bisque-firing is the beginning kiln firing that involves clay sinters without any vitrifying.  Even though bisque-firing is porous it will not break down in water.

A pigment that is transparent and brown.

BIT stands for Binary Digital T.  It signifies the smallest unit of data in a computer (1 or 0).  The term was so named in 1948 by J.W. Tileu at Bell Labs. 

Bit depth is the most number of bits that define a pixel.  Bit depth measures the brightness level; it is the number of potential colors or variations of gray that may be used in an image.

In graphic design, the paint graphics mode tells a person if an image is created from pixels includes either the pixel being off (white) or on (black).

A bitmap is a rasterized graphic image created from a grid of dots or pixels.

A type of silk fabric created with exotic and unique patterns that usually include both baroque and Oriental motifs.  This type of silk was famous from the 1600s to the early 1700s.  

Black refers to a font that contains more weight in comparison to the typeface that is its bolded rendition.

Black is the fourth color in process 4-color printing.  In CMYK, black is the “K.”

A kind of dried bean that is squarish in shape and is black with an interior of white.  It is frequently used in salads and soups because of its good flavor.

Black-body radiation is the infrared radiation that exits from a material or surface at the point it gets up to red heat.

Black bottom refers to a black couple dance that is thought to have originated in the 1920’s. 

Black-figure style is a particular style from the late Archaic and early Classical style in ancient Greek ceramics.  It involves the figure that is the focus; red is the color of the background and the figures are in black. 

Black generation is the inclusion of black ink with other process colors when dividing an RGB color image to CMYK colors.  Black generation may happen by either switching some of the CMY with K (GCR – Gray Component Replacement), or by using K in solely neutral regions (UCR – Under Color Removal).

Also known as Black Emulsion Leader.  It is an opaque black film used by a negative cutter when he/she is getting A&B rolls ready.  Plastic leader cannot be used for A&B rolls because it cannot be cement spliced like an emulsion leader can be.  Not all black pieces of film are the same; the more opaque it is, the better.

The Black Mountain College, a school located in North Carolina, made history when it became the center for American cultural production in the middle of the 20th Century.  The school promoted the artistic and educational experimentation not usually pushed by other schools at the time.  Josef and Anni Albers were a couple of the first teachers of the school.  After the Bauhaus closed because of the Nazis, they came to the United States.  They, along with other individuals such as Walter Gropius, Jacob Lawrence, Willem de Kooning, Robert Motherwell, John Cage, Alfred Kazin, Merce Cunningham, and Paul Goodman, played an enormous role in the minds and lives of the students at the school.  The school became the model for what an American experimental education system should be.  After reaching its limit in terms of influence of its students and other establishments, the school closed.  However, its legacy lives on due to its influence through the generations of students attending other art schools. 

Black point is color that creates the values of 0,0,0 when scanned by a scanner.  In the best of circumstances, the black point is 0% neutral reflectance or transmittance. 

Blackware firing is bonfire-firing the wares which are covered with dung and sometimes sawdust at high temperatures and then put underneath something like ash or dirt with the intent of capturing the smoke; the result of the process gives the wares a black surface.

1911
Blaue Reiter was formed in order to secure exhibition space for artists seeking to express their individual expressions.  The title of the movement was coined by Wassily Kandinsky’s drawing of a blue horseman.  Kandinsky, Franz Marc, and Gabriele Munter were the key artists that started the movement in December 1911.  They had an exhibition that included several other artists such as Albert Bloch, Robert Delaunay, Elizabeth Epstein, August Macke and Henri Rousseau.  A second exhibit followed that was much larger which included the famous artists of Pablo Picasso, Braque, Klee and Goncharova. Thought it did not last long, the movement was significant in that it brought German Expressionism to its highest level of painting.  It also encouraged the idea of individual expression and not following any accepted values that might restrain an artist’s creativity.  
 

A blazer is a sports jacket that contains long sleeves and lapels.

In graphic design, to bleed refers to a design element that reaches to the edge of the page.  In order to print a bleed, the item is printed on paper that is bigger in size than the item being printed.  Once printed, the paper is trimmed to accommodate the bleed.

The visual effect achieved when a dark color “bleeds” into a lighter color. 

A combination of multiple fibers.

Smoothing edges of shapes or colors one into the other in order to create a seamless gradation from one to the next.

A fiberglass housing that holds a noisy camera; the house makes possible the use of the camera for sync sound filming without the addition of all the racket. 

A camera designed to contain internal soundproofing – it does need an external blimp to prevent noise issuing from the camera.  Shorthand for a camera that is internally blimped is, “BL.”
 

A blind contour drawing is a line drawing that is created without the use of constantly looking at the paper.  Instead, one concentrates intensely on the item that he/she is drawing and tries to draw the many shifts of lines and tangents of lines seen.  These types of drawings enhance one’s eye-hand coordination and create a better awareness of changes of form and space.

Blistering is a glaze defect that involves bubbles on fired glaze surface that frequently burst and create hard craters.  The best way to avoid bubbles during high-firing is to use a short oxidation soak at the finish of the firing process in order to permit the surface defects to right themselves.  One can also use low-firing by elongating the firing process or through soaking the kiln when the time comes for maturation. 

The forming of bubbly protrusions in varnish films or paints due to lack of adhesion and the raise of the film from the surface beneath.  

Bloating is a type of firing defect in which blisters are created inside the clay body.  The result of bloating is a series of lumps on top of the surface.  Bloating is due to the expansion of gases inside the clay due to too much early reduction (which causes carbon coring), too much fast bisque firing, and extending the firing process for too long.  

A design pattern made from wood blocks featuring a carved pattern template.

A block quote is a quotation that is at least 4 or more lines in the body text.  A block quote is placed on a page separately from the words of the author in order to make it clear to the reader that the quote comes from another source.

 A block-level box is one in which an element box takes over the full width of a parent’s content area and pushes other elements away from its sides.  A break exists before and after a block-level element.  A div is an example of a block-level element.  Display values that make block-boxes include all CSS Advanced Layout templates and: block, list-item, table-caption, table-cell, table-column-group, table-row, table-footer-group, table-header-group, table-row-group, table, list-item, and block.

In CSS, a block-level box in CSS creates an “element box” - a rectangular box.  The box designates the degree of space surrounding an element.  The content, padding and border areas of an element make up the background area.  Any transparency of the border (such as if it was dashed) will be seen through those sections.  The margin area is not included in the background portion of an element.  Important to note is that just the width, height and margins of an element box can be set to auto.  Margins may contain negative values.  The default of an element box for its border and padding widths are none and 0 (zero).  Also, the property width determines just the width of the content area if the box-sizing is content-box.  The property width determines the full width of the content, borders and padding if the box-sizing is border-box.  If there are margins, they are placed in addition to it.  This same principle applies to the height in regards to the height of the element.

Blocks of solid wood that have been adhered between veneers.

A type of fine silk bobbin lace produced in Bayeux, Caen and Chantilly in France.  This silk was first created with cream-colored unbleached China silk thread.  The lace was popular between the 1750s to the 1800s. 

A visual effect that happens on varnished surfaces in damp places; things become gradually more and more opaque and dull.

A type of underpants that contains loose legs that gathers at the knee length.  A woman named Amelia Bloomer created them to encourage dress reform for women.  However, the bloomers were not received very well.  Later, the bloomers became popular as bicycle riding attire in the 1880s.  As time went on, girls wore them as gym clothes. 

A group formed by friends that shared a common attitude towards life.  The group met frequently starting in 1904 in Bloomsbury, London at Thoby Stephen’s home.  The meetings were centered around conversations on literature, philosophy, and art.  Out of the group emerged artistic and literary styles, as well as theories on psychology and theory.  Examples of group members include Clive Bell, John Maynard Keynes, Desmond McCarthy, Leonard Woolf, Saxon Sydney Turner, Lytton Strachey and Virginia Woolf. 
 

Colorlab in Rockville, Maryland coined this term to refer to a reduction print that is created from super 16mm to regular 16mm.  It works as a substitute for pricier processes of blowing up super 16mm to 35mm.  One would assume that the term blow down is the opposite of the term blow up, but actually the term reduction print is used instead.

Going from one gauge to another in film in order to optically expand the film, such as going from 16mm to 35mm.  A reduction print (see also blow down) is just the opposite, such as going from 35mm to 16mm to reduce the optical enlargement.

Blowing through a glass bubble at the end of a hollow tube creates blown glass.  Through the activities of rolling, pinching, and spinning an artist can form the glass into various formations.  Another way to create blown glass is to put the bubble in a hollow mold and then blow into it until it grows into different areas of the mold.   

Blunge is the method of combining a glaze or slip with an impeller mixer is that motorized.

A blunger is an impeller mixer that is motorized that is utilized to get a casting slip or clay slurry ready.  It is positioned on a clamp or bracket to permit a slip to remain blunging for a long amount of time.

A BMP file is a Windows bitmap file that contains an extension of “bmp.”  It defines an image in dot patterns (one dot = one pixel). 

Lace created on a pillow that patterns are marked out by pins.  The bones (or bobbins) are crossed back and forth over the positioned pins.  There are varieties of bobbin lace, including Binche, Mechlin, Chantilly, and Brussels. 

Opaque paint that has the ability to surface over a color beneath it so none of it can be seen.

The body height is the height of the basic form of a lower-case letter.  The additional length of the ascenders or descenders is not part of the body height. 

A body reduction is an amount of time in which reduction atmosphere is created between cone 012 and 08 to allow iron color and speckles in clay body; it is used in particular in high-fired stoneware.

Body type refers to the plain, book or normal type utilized for big passages of text.  Body type is frequently 9 – 14 point and is used in places like chapters in a book or in articles within a magazine.

Bolero refers to a dance that started in Spain.  The dance often includes Spanish singing with a very slow Rumba rhythm.

A bolero jacket is a waist-length comfortable jacket that is open at the front.

A type of 16mm non-sync camera created by the Paillard Company in Switzerland.  Generally, when a person refers to a Bolex camera, they are referring to a reflex spring-would model (like a Rex-4).  However, there exist several different kinds of Bolex cameras.  Some of them, for example, may be spring-wound, motor-driven, reflex or non-reflex.

 

Bonding is the textile process of making two fabrics into a single piece by backing with foam or adhesive.

Bone China is a type of clear porcelain that contains bone-ash.

Bone dry in ceramics means that something is very dry and brittle.  It is necessary that clay is bone dry before one fires it.

A common tuber in Asia and Latin America.  Also known as batata.  Its flavor is a mixture of a sweet and white potato and is similar in its cooking needs.  It can be baked like a potato or boiled.

A type of knife that showcases a thin-blade.  It is can be used for piercing meat and boning.

Dried flakes from dark fish; the flakes are frequently used in dashi - a Japanese soup stock.

The term Boogie Woogie refers to an African American jazz dance.  An individual holds one’s knees close together and then shifts the hips from one side to the next while the person moves forward.  At first the Boogie Woogie was a particular type of music.  Nowadays however it is also a certain type of dance common in Europe.  The Boogie Woogie originates from the Rock ‘n’ roll style popular in the 1950’s. 

Book hand is any of the various styles of the alphabet frequently used in making books prior to the age of printing.

Wood veneer sheets that are positioned to create a symmetrical effect.

A boot cut is a garment design that lands under the belly button and flares a little bit from the knee to the ankle. 

A term coined for Rei Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamoto’s collections in 1982.  In Japanese, “Boro” means “ragged.”  Shabbiness became fashionable from the monochromatic, ragged and simple clothes.  The fashion statement expresses a feeling of absence.

Brazilian musicians changed the “cool jazz” of the United States into a softer, more gentle samba rhythm known as the Bossa Nova.  Bossa Nova became well-known around the world when the single “Girl from Ipanema” became a hit in 1964.

The Boston Jive is a type of Swing dance that contains similarities to the Lindy, but it also contains kicks.

A type of lettuce that is part of the butterhead family.  Its flavor is rather bland and the leaves are tender. 

A fabric that is either woven or knitted that contains a design that is curled or looped.

Bread in the shape of a ball that is baked in the oven without a pan. 

A card, either silver or white, that is used to create soft indirect lighting on a subject matter.  The card allows light to bounce of itself and onto the subject matter, creating a delicate atmosphere.  Sometimes they are used to create soft shadow areas or a soft brightening on an area.  Frequently the cards are used outside because they do not need any electrical power to work.  Also known as a reflector card.

The term refers to a number of quick, short steps performed with one’s feet kept close together.

A bowl refers to the section of a letter that is made by curved strokes joined to the main stem and enclosing a counster.  The letters a and b are two examples.

A section of a garment is said to be box-pleated when there exist two folds of fabric that are joined to form a pleat.

Boy-leg refers to swimwear, underwear or shorts that fit the legs closely and extend only half way down the thigh.

Part of the upper arm, the brachialis includes the anterior surface of humerus.  It is located at the anterior surface on the head of the ulna.  The brachialis is responsible for bending the arm at the elbow.

Part of the forearm, the brachioradialis includes a short line on the lateral edge of the humerus.      It is located at the proximal end of the radius on its lateral side.    The brachioradialis is responsible for bending the forearm at elbow.

Filming a shot many times using various f-stops to obtain the ideal shot.  Sometimes this method is used to shoot titles.  Smart camera operators will allow for a few frames of black between each of these shots to let the editor known when one shot starts and another ends.

A cooking technique of cooking food by browning it in a small amount of fat and then adding a kind of liquid to the pan.  The pan is then covered and the contents are cooked over low heat. 

In calligraphy, a branching stroke is the stroke that joins an arch to the down-stroke of a letter.

A brayer is a roller that moves, adheres or presses two flat surfaces together.

Dry bread crumbs and fresh bread crumbs.  A flavor may be added to dry bread crumbs and they are lightly toasted.  Fresh crumbs are made from a blender or food processor.  Any good bread will do to make bread crumbs. 

Brightness is the general intensity of an image; if the brightness value of an image is lower, the image is darker.  And if the brightness value of an image is higher, the image is lighter.

Brine is created with water and salt and used in the fermentation process to maintain a certain pH level of the water in order to retard the growth of bad bacteria and foster the growth of good bacteria.

A type of yeast bread that contains high amounts of eggs and butter.

Brise is a type of jump that consists of a jump off of one foot that in turn is “broken” through beating one’s legs while in the air.

Simlar to broccoli, but it contains more leaves and stems and is more bitter.  It can be substituted in any recipe that calls for broccoli. 

A cooking technique of cooking food underneath the heat source in order to create a crisp crust while achieving a certain texture and doneness of the interior.  The bigger the size of the item to be cooked, the greater the distance the item needs to be from whatever is used to heat the item.

Broken color was incorporated into the Impressionists’ paintings during the 19th century in French painting.  The color was painted on a canvas using small short strokes (versus the normal method of carefully blending the tones and colors together.  The result was a “patchwork” appearance in which the strokes gave the visual effect of light falling over the planes and forms of objects and figures.  Today broken color continues to be used popularly in paintings.

Bronzing refers to a problem that occurs with some ink/paper combinations.  “Bronzed” (darkened) reflections from the inked regions are side-by-side with regions where there exists no ink or hardly any ink.  The result is that there occurs a full reflection on the paper.  Bronzing is also known as “gloss differential.”

A broomstick is a dress or skirt that contains several pleats and crinkly fabric.

The foundation of most soups.  Broth is created from cooking meat, fish or vegetables in water and then straining the liquid and getting rid of the fat.

A cooking technique of cooking food rapidly.  It is done in order to cook the outside of food while maintaining a moist center.  A hot heating source is essential for browning foods. 

A mixture of molasses and white sugar.  One cup of sugar plus two tablespoons is a basic recipe for brown sugar.  To create darker brown sugar, add more molasses.

The stylistic way in which a brush paints on a surface.  It refers to the texture and stroke of a brush. 

Buck dancing stresses percussive rhythms using the movement of the heel and toe.  It is different from “shuffle” clogging style in that one bends his/her legs more.

Buffering is the addition of an alkaline substance (such as calcium carbonate) into the paper pulp of a paper in order to neutralize the acids in the paper.  The buffer acts as a shield from the pollution in the atmosphere, or from the acid in the paper.

Built-up letters are letters that are created by drawing, as opposed to writing them.  They may also be made by altering the basic form of the structural pen strokes. 

The Bulerias is a Spanish gypsy dance.

Bulk ink is simply ink that sits in big containers; it is used for printing in quantity.  It is used to prevent a constant running out of ink while printing items in bulk. 

The consumption rate of a consumable electrode as expressed in material length and time unit.

To burnish something means to rub it smooth; it also means to transfer or adhere to an alternative surface area.

A bustle is a pattern of steel springs placed under a skirt to make a projecting derriere.  Bustles were fashionable in several forms during the second part of the nineteenth century.

Butyric acid is fatty acid that arises in the creation of esters located in animal fats, as well as some plant fats.  The fermentation of starch or sugar creates a large amount of butyric acid. 

A byline is simply a credit line in an article for the author; it is used in magazine and newsletter design layout.

BYTE is a unit of digital measurement.  Every 8-bit byte signifies an alphanumeric character.  1 byte = 8 bits.


 

A style of artwork characterized by big domes, mosaics and arches originating in the 4th Century from the eastern Roman Empire.